| 17The Lord spoke to Moses saying: |
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יזוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 18Speak to the children of Israel and you shall say to them, When you arrive in the Land to which I am bringing you, |
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יחדַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם בְּבֹֽאֲכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה: |
| When you arrive in the Land: Heb. בְּבֹאֲכֶם [lit., when you come to the Land] This ‘coming’ differs from all the other ‘comings’ in the Torah. For with the others, Scripture says, “when you will come” [in the singular] (כִּי תָבֹא) or [plural] (כִּי תָבֹאוּ); therefore, all of them learn [a particular law] from each other. Since in one of their cases, Scripture specifies that it applies only after inheritance and settling [in the Land], it therefore applies in all cases. But here it uses the term בְּבֹאֲכֶם as soon as they arrived there and ate from its bread, they were obligated to separate a portion of the dough. - [Sifrei Shelach 21] |
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בְּבֹֽאֲכֶם אֶל־הָאָרֶץ:
מְשֻׁנָּה בִּיאָה זוֹ מִכָּל בִּיאוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁבְּכֻלָּן נֶאֱמַר כִּי תָבֹא, כִּי תָבֹאוּ, לְפִיכָךְ כֻּלָּן לְמֵדוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁפֵּרֵט לְךָ הַכָּתוּב בְּאַחַת מֵהֶן שֶׁאֵינָהּ אֶלָּא לְאַחַר יְרֻשָּׁה וִישִׁיבָה, אַף כֻּלָּן כֵּן, אֲבָל זוֹ נֶאֱמַר בָּהּ "בְּבֹאֲכֶם" — מִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסוּ בָהּ וְאָכְלוּ מִלַּחְמָהּ נִתְחַיְּבוּ בְחַלָּה (ספרי):
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| 19and you eat from the bread of the Land, you shall set aside a gift for the Lord. |
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יטוְהָיָ֕ה בַּֽאֲכָלְכֶ֖ם מִלֶּ֣חֶם הָאָ֑רֶץ תָּרִ֥ימוּ תְרוּמָ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| 20The first portion of your dough, you shall separate a loaf for a gift; as in the case of the gift of the threshing floor, so shall you separate it. |
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כרֵאשִׁית֙ עֲרִסֹ֣תֵכֶ֔ם חַלָּ֖ה תָּרִ֣ימוּ תְרוּמָ֑ה כִּתְרוּמַ֣ת גֹּ֔רֶן כֵּ֖ן תָּרִ֥ימוּ אֹתָֽהּ: |
| the first portion of your dough: When you knead an amount of dough you are accustomed to kneading in the desert. And how much is that? “They measured with an omer ” (Exod. 16:18), “an omer per head” (verse 16). You shall separate from its first portion, that is to say, before you eat the first portion from it, you shall separate one loaf as a gift for the sake of the Lord. |
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רֵאשִׁית עֲרִסֹתֵכֶם:
כְּשֶׁתָּלוּשׁוּ כְדֵי עִסַּתְכֶם שֶׁאַתֶּם רְגִילִין לָלוּשׁ בַּמִּדְבָּר — וְכַמָּה הִיא? "וַיָּמֹדּוּ בָעֹמֶר" (שמות ט"ז), "עֹמֶר לַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת" (שם) — תָּרִימוּ מֵרֵאשִׁיתָהּ, כְּלוֹמַר קֹדֶם שֶׁתֹּאכְלוּ מִמֶּנָּה, רֵאשִׁית חֶלְקָהּ חלה אַחַת תרימו תרומה לְשֵׁם ה' (עירובין פ"ג):
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| a loaf: In old French, tortel , a sort of cake, a round loaf of bread, [in modern French, torteau.] |
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חַלָּה:
טורטי"ל בְּלַעַז:
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| as in the case of the gift of the threshing floor: in which no amount is specified, but unlike the gift taken from the tithe [given by Levites to kohanim] for which an amount is specified. However, the Sages did specify an amount-for a householder, one twenty-fourth [of the dough] and for a baker one forty-eighth. - [Challah 2:7] |
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כִּתְרוּמַת גֹּרֶן:
שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר בָּהּ שִׁעוּר וְלֹא כִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהּ שִׁעוּר (ספרי), אֲבָל חֲכָמִים נָתְנוּ שִׁעוּר — לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת אֶחָד מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה וּלְנַחְתּוֹם אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמוֹנָה (חלה ב'):
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| 21From the first portion of your dough you shall give a gift to the Lord in [all] your generations. |
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כאמֵֽרֵאשִׁית֙ עֲרִסֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תִּתְּנ֥וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה תְּרוּמָ֑ה לְדֹרֹ֖תֵיכֶֽם: |
| From the first portion of your dough: Why is this [verse] stated? [Is not verse 20 sufficient?] Because it says, “the first portion of your dough” (verse 20). From this I understand the first one of the doughs. Hence, Scripture teaches us, “From the first”-a part of the dough but not the entire dough. - [Sifrei Shelach 27] |
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מֵֽרֵאשִׁית עֲרִסֹתֵיכֶם:
לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "רֵאשִׁית עֲרִסֹתֵכֶם", שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁבָּעִסּוֹת, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "מראשית" — מִקְצָתָהּ וְלֹא כֻלָּהּ (ספרי):
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| you shall give a gift to the Lord: Since no amount is specified for the dough portion, [challah], it says, “you shall give ”-the gift should be an amount which can be considered a ‘gift.’ - [Sifrei Shelach 30] |
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תִּתְּנוּ לה' תְּרוּמָה:
לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא שָׁמַעְנוּ שִׁעוּר לְחַלָּה נֶאֱמַר "תִּתְּנוּ" — שֶׁיְּהֵא בָהּ כְּדֵי נְתִינָה (שם):
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| 22And if you should err and not fulfill all these commandments, which the Lord spoke to Moses. |
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כבוְכִ֣י תִשְׁגּ֔וּ וְלֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמִּצְוֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶֽׁה: |
| And if you should err and not fulfill: Idolatry was included in “all the commandments” (Lev. 4:13) for which the community brings a bull [as a sin-offering], but here Scripture removes it from that category to apply to it the law of a bull for a burnt offering and a he-goat for a sin-offering. - [Sifrei Shelach 22] |
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וְכִי תִשְׁגּוּ וְלֹא תַֽעֲשׂוּ:
עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הָיְתָה בִּכְלַל כל המצוות שֶׁהַצִּבּוּר מְבִיאִין עָלֵיהָ פַר, וַהֲרֵי הַכָּתוּב מוֹצִיאָהּ כָּאן מִכְּלָלָן, לִדּוֹן בְּפַר לְעוֹלָה וְשָׂעִיר לְחַטָּאת (ספרי):
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| If you err: Scripture speaks of idolatry, or perhaps only to one of the other commandments? Scripture therefore states, “all of these commandments.” One commandment which is equivalent to all the commandments. Just as someone who transgresses all the commandments, casts off the yoke [of the Torah], violates the covenant, and acts brazenly [toward the Torah], so one who transgresses this commandment, casts off the yoke, violates the covenant, and acts brazenly. Which [one] is this? This is idolatry. - [Sifrei Shelach 33] |
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וְכִי תִשְׁגּוּ וגו':
בְּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא בְאַחַת מִכָּל הַמִּצְוֹת, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "את כל המצות האלה" — מִצְוָה אַחַת שֶׁהִיא כְּכָל הַמִּצְוֹת, מַה הָעוֹבֵר עַל כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת פּוֹרֵק עֹל וּמֵפֵר בְּרִית וּמְגַלֶּה פָנִים, אַף מִצְוָה זוֹ פּוֹרֵק בָּהּ עֹל וּמֵפֵר בְּרִית וּמְגַלֶּה פָנִים, וְאֵיזוֹ? זוֹ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה (שם):
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| which the Lord spoke to Moses: [The first two commandments,] “I am [the Lord, your God]” and “You must not have [any other gods]” (Exod. 20:2-3) were heard by the word of the Divine, as it says, “Once did God speak, but we heard them twice” (Ps. 62:12). - [Sifrei Shelach 33] |
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אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר ה' אֶל־משֶֽׁה:
אָנֹכִי וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ מִפִּי הַגְּבוּרָה שְׁמַעְנוּם כְּדִכְתִיב (תהילים ס"ב) "אַחַת דִּבֶּר אֱלֹהִים שְׁתַּיִם זוּ שָׁמָעְנוּ" (הוריות ח'):
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| 23All that the Lord commanded you through Moses, from the day on which the Lord commanded and from then on, for all generations. |
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כגאֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיַד־משֶׁ֑ה מִן־הַיּ֞וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה וָהָ֖לְאָה לְדֹרֹ֖תֵיכֶֽם: |
| All that the Lord commanded: This teaches us that anyone who acknowledges idolatry is considered as if he had denied the entire Torah and all the prophecies of the prophets, as it says, “from the day on which the Lord commanded and from then on.” - [Sifrei Shelach 33] |
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אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה וגו':
מַגִּיד שֶׁכָּל הַמּוֹדֶה בְּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כְּכוֹפֵר בְּכָל הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ וּבְכָל מַה שֶּׁנִּתְנַבְּאוּ הַנְּבִיאִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מן היום אשר צוה ה' והלאה":
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| 24If because of the eyes of the congregation it was committed inadvertently, the entire congregation shall prepare a young bull as a burnt offering for a pleasing fragrance for the Lord, with its prescribed meal offering and libation, and one young he goat for a sin offering. |
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כדוְהָיָ֗ה אִ֣ם מֵֽעֵינֵ֣י הָֽעֵדָה֘ נֶֽעֶשְׂתָ֣ה לִשְׁגָגָה֒ וְעָשׂ֣וּ כָל־הָֽעֵדָ֡ה פַּ֣ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֩ אֶחָ֨ד לְעֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָת֥וֹ וְנִסְכּ֖וֹ כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּֽת: |
| If because of the eyes of the congregation it was committed inadvertently: If, because of the leaders [literally, eyes] of the congregation this transgression was committed inadvertently-for they [the leaders] erred and ruled concerning one form of service, that it was permitted to worship an idol in this manner. — [See Horioth 2b] |
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אִם מֵֽעֵינֵי הָֽעֵדָה נֶֽעֶשְׂתָה לִשְׁגָגָה:
אִם מֵעֵינֵי הָעֵדָה נֶעֶשְׂתָה עֲבֵרָה זוֹ עַל יְדֵי שׁוֹגֵג — שֶׁשָּׁגוּ וְהוֹרוּ עַל אַחַת מִן הָעֲבוֹדוֹת שֶׁהִיא מֻתֶּרֶת לַעֲבֹד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּכָךְ (שם ה'):
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| for a sin-offering: Heb. לְחַטָּת [This word] is missing an ‘aleph,’ because this [sin-offering] is different from all other sin-offerings. In the case of all the other sin-offerings [mentioned] in the Torah which are brought together with a burnt offering, the sin-offering precedes the burnt offering, as it says, “he shall make the second one a burnt offering” (Lev. 5:10), but this one-the burnt offering-precedes the sin-offering. - [Hor. 13a] |
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לְחַטָּֽת:
חָסֵר א', שֶׁאֵינוֹ כִשְׁאָר חַטָּאוֹת, שֶׁכָּל חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה הַבָּאוֹת עִם עוֹלָה הַחַטָּאת קוֹדֶמֶת לָעוֹלָה, שֶׁנֶּא' (ויקרא ה'), "וְאֶת הַשֵּׁנִי יַעֲשֶׂה עֹלָה", וְזוֹ עוֹלָה קוֹדֶמֶת לְחַטָּאת (שם ט"ו):
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| 25The kohen shall atone on behalf of the entire congregation of the children of Israel, and it shall be forgiven them, for it was an error, and they have brought their offering as a fire offering to the Lord and their sin offering before the Lord because of their error. |
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כהוְכִפֶּ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֗ן עַל־כָּל־עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנִסְלַ֣ח לָהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־שְׁגָגָ֣ה הִ֔וא וְהֵם֩ הֵבִ֨יאוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָ֜ם אִשֶּׁ֣ה לַֽיהֹוָ֗ה וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה עַל־שִׁגְגָתָֽם: |
| and they have brought their offering as a fire-offering to the Lord: This refers to [the offering] stated in the passage [in verse 24], namely the bull [which is brought as a] burnt offering, as it says [here], “a fire-offering to the Lord.” - [Sifrei Shelach 37] |
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הֵבִיאוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָם אִשֶּׁה לה':
זֶה הָאָמוּר בַּפָּרָשָׁה, הוּא פַר הָעוֹלָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִשֶּׁה לַה'" (ספרי):
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| and their sin-offering: This [refers to] the he-goat [in verse 24]. - [Sifrei Shelach 37] |
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וְחַטָּאתָם:
זֶה הַשָּׂעִיר:
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| 26The entire congregation of the children of Israel and the proselyte who resides with them shall be forgiven, for all the people were in error. |
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כווְנִסְלַ֗ח לְכָל־עֲדַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֣ר בְּתוֹכָ֑ם כִּ֥י לְכָל־הָעָ֖ם בִּשְׁגָגָֽה: |
