17God said to Moses, “I will also do this thing of which you have spoken, since you have found favor in My eyes and I have granted you recognition by name.” |
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יזוַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֑ה כִּֽי־מָצָ֤אתָ חֵן֙ בְּעֵינַ֔י וָֽאֵדָֽעֲךָ֖ בְּשֵֽׁם: |
גַּם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה - Also this thing - that I no longer manifest My Presence among the nations of the world, I will do. And although we find that Balaam, a non-Jew, received prophecy, his words of prophecy were not received through the Divine Presence resting upon him, but as: “lying down with open eyes,” such as we find: “and a word was conveyed to me stealthily,” i.e., the non-Jewish prophets hear the word of God only through an intermediary. |
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גַּם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה.
שֶׁלֹּא תִשְׁרֶה שְׁכִינָתִי עוֹד עַל אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם אעשה, וְאֵין דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל בִּלְעָם עַל יְדֵי שְׁרִיַּת הַשְּׁכִינָה, אֶלָּא "נוֹפֵל וּגְלוּי עֵינָיִם" כְּגוֹן וְאֵלַי דָּבָר יְגֻנָּב (איוב ד') – שׁוֹמְעִין עַל יְדֵי שָׁלִיחַ:
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18He said, “Please let me behold Your glory.” |
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יחוַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַרְאֵ֥נִי נָ֖א אֶת־כְּבֹדֶֽךָ: |
וַיֹּאמַר הַרְאֵנִי נָא אֶת־כְּבֹדֶֽךָ - He said, “Please let me behold Your glory.”. Moses saw that this was an auspicious time, when his requests were being accepted by God, so he now made a further request: that God show him the vision of His glory. |
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וַיֹּאמַר הַרְאֵנִי נָא אֶת־כְּבֹדֶֽךָ.
רָאָה מֹשֶׁה שֶׁהָיָה עֵת רָצוֹן וּדְבָרָיו מְקֻבָּלִים, וְהוֹסִיף לִשְׁאֹל לְהַרְאוֹתוֹ מַרְאִית כְּבוֹדוֹ:
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19He replied, “I will make all My goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the Divine Name before you. I will show favor when I choose to show favor, and I will show mercy when I choose to show mercy.” |
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יטוַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֲנִ֨י אַֽעֲבִ֤יר כָּל־טוּבִי֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יךָ וְקָרָ֧אתִי בְשֵׁ֛ם יְהֹוָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְחַנֹּתִי֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָחֹ֔ן וְרִֽחַמְתִּ֖י אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲרַחֵֽם: |
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲנִי אַֽעֲבִיר וגו' - He replied, “I will make pass…”. i.e., He was in effect saying: “The time has come for you to perceive My glory to the extent I allow you to perceive, because I wish and deem it necessary to teach you a set order of prayer – for when you needed to plead for mercy on behalf of Israel, you invoked before Me the merit of the patriarchs, assuming that if the merit of the patriarchs were to be exhausted there would be no further hope. I will make all My attributes of goodness pass before you on the rock, while you are concealed in the cave. |
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וַיֹּאמֶר אֲנִי אַֽעֲבִיר וגו'.
הִגִּיעָה שָׁעָה שֶׁתִּרְאֶה בִּכְבוֹדִי מַה שֶּׁאַרְשֶׁה אוֹתְךָ לִרְאוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁאֲנִי רוֹצֶה וְצָרִיךְ לְלַמֶּדְךָ סֵדֶר תְּפִלָּה; שֶׁכְּשֶׁנִּצְרַכְתָּ לְבַקֵּשׁ רַחֲמִים עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל הִזְכַּרְתָּ לִי זְכוּת אָבוֹת, כְּסָבוּר אַתָּה שֶׁאִם תַּמָּה זְכוּת אָבוֹת אֵין עוֹד תִּקְוָה, אֲנִי אַעֲבִיר כָּל מִדַּת טוּבִי לְפָנֶיךָ עַל הַצּוּר וְאַתָּה נָתוּן בַּמְּעָרָה:
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וְקָרָאתִי בְשֵׁם ה' לְפָנֶיךָ - “and will proclaim the Divine Name before you,” - i.e., He was in effect saying:teaching you the procedure of how to invoke these attributes when requesting mercy, even if the merit of the patriarchs is exhausted. And according to this procedure, in which you see Me wrapped in a prayer blanket (talit) and proclaiming these 13 attributes of mercy, so teach Israel to do the same, and through their recounting the attributes of: “compassionate and gracious” before Me, they will be answered, for My mercy is never exhausted. |
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וְקָרָאתִי בְשֵׁם ה' לְפָנֶיךָ.
לְלַמֶּדְךָ סֵדֶר בַּקָּשַׁת רַחֲמִים אַף אִם תִּכְלֶה זְכוּת אָבוֹת, וְכַסֵּדֶר זֶה שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹאֶה אוֹתִי – מְעֻטָּף וְקוֹרֵא י"ג מִדּוֹת – הֱוֵי מְלַמֵּד אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן, וְעַל יְדֵי שֶׁיַּזְכִּירוּ לְפָנַי "רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן" יִהְיוּ נַעֲנִין – כִּי רַחֲמַי לֹא כָלִים:
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וְחַנֹּתִי אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אחון - (lit.) I will show favor to whom I will show favor - i.e., at those times when I wish to show favor. |
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וְחַנֹּתִי אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אחון.
אוֹתָן פְּעָמִים שֶׁאֶרְצֶה לָחֹן:
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וְרִֽחַמְתִּי - And I will show mercy. at a time when I desire to show mercy. At this point God promised him only that “sometimes I will answer you and sometimes I will not,” but later, when actually proclaiming these attributes, He said to him: “I hereby make a covenant,” promising him that the invocation of the attributes will never go unheeded. |
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וְרִֽחַמְתִּי.
עֵת שֶׁאֶחְפֹּץ לְרַחֵם; עַד כָּאן לֹא הִבְטִיחוֹ אֶלָּא עִתִּים אֶעֱנֶה וְעִתִּים לֹא אֶעֱנֶה, אֲבָל בִּשְׁעַת מַעֲשֶׂה אָמַר לוֹ הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי כֹּרֵת בְּרִית (שמות ל"ד) – הִבְטִיחוֹ שֶׁאֵינָן חוֹזְרוֹת רֵיקָם:
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20He said, “You will not be able to behold My ‘face,’ for no man can see Me and remain alive.” |
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כוַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹ֥א תוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֹ֣ת אֶת־פָּנָ֑י כִּ֛י לֹֽא־יִרְאַ֥נִי הָֽאָדָ֖ם וָחָֽי: |
וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא תוּכַל וגו' - He said, “You will not be able…”. i.e., even when I make all My goodness pass before you, I am not giving you permission to see My face. |
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וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא תוּכַל וגו'.
אַף כְּשֶׁאַעֲבִיר כָּל טוּבִי עַל פָּנֶיךָ אֵינִי נוֹתֵן לְךָ רְשׁוּת לִרְאוֹת אֶת פָּנַי:
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21God said, “There is a place with Me, and you can stand on the rock there. |
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כאוַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהֹוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה מָק֖וֹם אִתִּ֑י וְנִצַּבְתָּ֖ עַל־הַצּֽוּר: |
הִנֵּה מָקוֹם אִתִּי - There is a place with Me - i.e., on the mountain where I usually speak with you, I have a place prepared for your sake, where I will hide you so that you not be harmed, and from there you will see what you are able to see. This is its straightforward explanation. But its Midrashic explanation is: the reference is to the location of the Divine Presence, but it says הַמָּקוֹם אִתִּי “the place is with Me” and it does not say אֲנִי בַּמָּקוֹם “I am in the place,” since the Holy One, blessed be He, is the location of the universe, but His universe is not His location. |
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הִנֵּה מָקוֹם אִתִּי.
בָּהָר אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מְדַבֵּר עִמְּךָ תָמִיד, יֵשׁ מָקוֹם מוּכָן לִי לְצָרְכְּךָ שֶׁאַטְמִינְךָ שָׁם שֶׁלֹּא תִזֹּק, וּמִשָּׁם תִּרְאֶה מַה שֶּׁתִּרְאֶה, זֶהוּ פְּשׁוּטוֹ; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ, עַל מָקוֹם שֶׁהַשְּׁכִינָה שָׁם מְדַבֵּר, וְאוֹמֵר הַמָּקוֹם אִתִּי, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר אֲנִי בַמָּקוֹם, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם וְאֵין עוֹלָמוֹ מְקוֹמוֹ (תנחומא):
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22When My glory passes by, I will place you in a crevice in the rock, and I will shield you with My hand until I have passed. |
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כבוְהָיָה֙ בַּֽעֲבֹ֣ר כְּבֹדִ֔י וְשַׂמְתִּ֖יךָ בְּנִקְרַ֣ת הַצּ֑וּר וְשַׂכֹּתִ֥י כַפִּ֛י עָלֶ֖יךָ עַד־עָבְרִֽי: |
בַּֽעֲבֹר כְּבֹדִי - When My glory passes by - i.e., when I will pass before you. |
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בַּֽעֲבֹר כְּבֹדִי.
כְּשֶׁאֶעֱבֹר לְפָנֶיךָ:
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בְּנִקְרַת הַצּוּר - The noun נִקְרֶה is of similar meaning to “Even if you gouge out (תְּנַקֵּר) the eyes of those men,” and “The valley ravens will pick at it (יִקְּרוּהָ),” and “I have dug out (קַרְתִּי) and drunk water” – they are all derivatives of the same root. Thus – – means “the place dug out of the rock.” |
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בְּנִקְרַת הַצּוּר.
כְּמוֹ הַעֵינֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים הָהֵם תְּנַקֵּר (במדבר ט"ז), יִקְּרוּהָ עֹרְבֵי נַחַל (משלי ל'), אֲנִי קַרְתִּי וְשָׁתִיתִי מָיִם (מלכים ב' יט, כד; ישעיה לז, כה), גִּזְרָה אַחַת לָהֶם, נִקְרַת הַצּוּר: כְּרִיַּת הַצּוּר:
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וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי - And I will shield [you] with My hand. From here we learn that license was given to the forces of destruction to harm Moses at that time, so he needed protection. Onkelos translates these words as: וְאַגֵּין בְּמֵימְרִי “I will protect you with My word,” which is a euphemism of respect used with regard to the One Above, for He does not need to shield him with an actual physical hand. |
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וְשַׂכֹּתִי כַפִּי.
מִכָּאן שֶׁנִּתְּנָה רְשׁוּת לַמְחַבְּלִים לְחַבֵּל, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וְאָגֵין בְּמֵימְרִי" כִּנּוּי הוּא לְדֶרֶךְ כָּבוֹד שֶׁל מַעְלָה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְסוֹכֵךְ עָלָיו בְּכַף מַמָּשׁ:
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23I will then remove My hand. You will see My back, but My face will not be visible.” |
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כגוַֽהֲסִֽרֹתִי֙ אֶת־כַּפִּ֔י וְרָאִ֖יתָ אֶת־אֲחֹרָ֑י וּפָנַ֖י לֹ֥א יֵֽרָאֽוּ: |
וַֽהֲסִֽרֹתִי אֶת־כַּפִּי - I will then remove My hand. Onkelos translates this as וְאַעְדֵּי יָת דִּבְרַת יְקָרִי, meaning “when I move the course of My glory from being directly in front of you to go beyond that point.” |
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וַֽהֲסִֽרֹתִי אֶת־כַּפִּי.
וְאַעֲדֵי יָת דִּבְרַת יְקָרִי – כְּשֶׁאֲסַלֵּק הַנְהָגַת כְּבוֹדִי מִנֶּגֶד פָּנֶיךָ, לָלֶכֶת מִשָּׁם וּלְהַלָּן:
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וְרָאִיתָ אֶת־אֲחֹרָי - You will see My back - i.e., He showed him the knot of His head-tefilin, which was a manifestation of His glory. |
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וְרָאִיתָ אֶת־אֲחֹרָי.
הֶרְאָהוּ קֶשֶׁר שֶׁל תְּפִלִּין (ברכות ז'):
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