1This is what you must do to consecrate them to minister to Me as priests: Take one young bull and two rams without blemish, |
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אוְזֶ֨ה הַדָּבָ֜ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לְקַדֵּ֥שׁ אֹתָ֖ם לְכַהֵ֣ן לִ֑י לְ֠קַ֠ח פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֧ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר וְאֵילִ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם תְּמִימִֽם: |
לְקַח - has the same meaning as קַח – take. There are in fact two roots, one קח and the other לקח, but they both have the same meaning. |
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לְקַח.
כְּמוֹ קַח. וּשְׁתֵּי גְזִירוֹת הֵן, אַחַת שֶׁל קִיחָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל לְקִיחָה, וְלָהֶן פִּתְרוֹן אֶחָד:
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פַּר אֶחָד - One bull - to atone for the incident of the Golden Calf, which was a young bull. |
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פַּר אֶחָד.
לְכַפֵּר עַל מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל שֶׁהוּא פַּר:
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2loaves of unleavened bread, unleavened loaves kneaded with oil, and flat unleavened cakes smeared with oil. You must make them out of fine wheat flour. |
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בוְלֶ֣חֶם מַצּ֗וֹת וְחַלֹּ֤ת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן סֹ֥לֶת חִטִּ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם: |
וְלֶחֶם מַצּוֹת וְחַלֹּת מַצֹּת וּרְקִיקֵי מַצּוֹת - [Loaves of] unleavened bread, unleavened loaves…and flat unleavened cakes. These are thus three different types: scalded bread, loaves, and flat cakes. לֶחֶם מַצּוֹת “unleavened bread” is that which is called later in this passage חַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן “a loaf of oil bread,” for the reason that the scalded bread was prepared with the same amount of oil as the loaves and the flat cakes combined. And there were 10 loaves of each type of bread. |
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וְלֶחֶם מַצּוֹת וְחַלֹּת מַצֹּת וּרְקִיקֵי מַצּוֹת.
הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מִינִין רְבוּכָה, וְחַלּוֹת וּרְקִיקִים לֶחֶם מַצּוֹת, הִיא הַקְּרוּיָה לְמַטָּה בָּעִנְיָן (פסוק כג) חַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁנּוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן בָּרְבוּכָה כְּנֶגֶד הַחַלּוֹת וְהָרְקִיקִין, וְכָל הַמִּינִין בָּאִים עֶשֶׂר עֶשֶׂר חַלּוֹת:
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בְּלוּלֹת בַּשֶּׁמֶן - (lit.) Mixed in oil - i.e., when they are still flour, he pours oil into them and mixes them. |
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בְּלוּלֹת בַּשֶּׁמֶן.
כְּשֶׁהֵן קֶמַח יוֹצֵק בָּהֶן שֶׁמֶן וּבוֹלְלָן:
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מְשֻׁחִים בַּשֶּׁמֶן - Smeared with oil - i.e., after they are baked he smears them in the form of a Greek כ (i.e., the letter lambda Λ), which resembles our Hebrew נ. |
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מְשֻׁחִים בַּשֶּׁמֶן.
אַחַר אֲפִיָּתָן מוֹשְׁחָן כְּמִין כִי (נ"א כ"ף) יְוָנִית, שֶׁהִיא עֲשׂוּיָה כְּנוּ"ן שֶׁלָּנוּ:
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3You must place them in a single basket and bring them in the basket, together with the young bull and the two rams. |
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גוְנָֽתַתָּ֤ אוֹתָם֙ עַל־סַ֣ל אֶחָ֔ד וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּסָּ֑ל וְאֶ֨ת־הַפָּ֔ר וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֥י הָֽאֵילִֽם: |
וְהִקְרַבְתָּ אֹתָם - (lit.) You must bring them near - i.e., into the Courtyard of the Tabernacle on the day that it is first erected. |
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וְהִקְרַבְתָּ אֹתָם.
אֶל חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן בְּיוֹם הֲקָמָתוֹ:
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4You must bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, and immerse them in water. |
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דוְאֶת־אַֽהֲרֹ֤ן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו֙ תַּקְרִ֔יב אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְרָֽחַצְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם: |
וְרָֽחַצְתָּ - And immerse [them]. This means the immersion of the entire body in a mikveh. |
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וְרָֽחַצְתָּ.
זוֹ טְבִילַת כָּל הַגּוּף:
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5You must take the vestments, and dress Aaron in the Tunic, the Robe of the Ephod, the Ephod, and the Breastplate, and girdle him with the belt of the Ephod. |
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הוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֣ אֶת־הַבְּגָדִ֗ים וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֤ אֶת־אַֽהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֔נֶת וְאֵת֙ מְעִ֣יל הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד וְאֶת־הָֽאֵפֹ֖ד וְאֶת־הַח֑שֶׁן וְאָֽפַדְתָּ֣ ל֔וֹ בְּחֵ֖שֶׁב הָֽאֵפֹֽד: |
וְאָֽפַדְתָּ - means: adorn him by arranging the belt and apron around him. |
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וְאָֽפַדְתָּ.
קַשֵּׁט וְתַקֵּן הַחֲגוֹרָה וְהַסִּינָר סְבִיבוֹתָיו:
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6You must place the Turban on his head, and over the Turban you must place the holy diadem. |
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ווְשַׂמְתָּ֥ הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְנָֽתַתָּ֛ אֶת־נֵ֥זֶר הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ עַל־הַמִּצְנָֽפֶת: |
נֵזֶר הַקֹּדֶשׁ - The holy diadem. This is the Forehead-plate. |
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נֵזֶר הַקֹּדֶשׁ.
זֶה הַצִּיץ:
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עַל־הַמִּצְנֶפֶת - Over the Turban. Its meaning is as I explained above: By means of the middle cord and the two side cords on each end, the three of which are tied at the back of the head, he places the Forehead-plate over the Turban as a kind of hat. |
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עַל־הַמִּצְנֶפֶת.
כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי לְמַעְלָה – עַל יְדֵי הַפְּתִיל הָאֶמְצָעִי וּשְׁנֵי פְתִילִין שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁוֹ, הַקְּשׁוּרִין שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מֵאֲחוֹרֵי הָעֹרֶף, הוּא נוֹתְנוֹ עַל הַמִּצְנֶפֶת כְּמִין כּוֹבַע:
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7You must take the anointing oil and pour some of it on his head, and anoint him. |
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זוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְיָֽצַקְתָּ֖ עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֖ אֹתֽוֹ: |
וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ אֹתֽוֹ - And anoint him. This anointing, too, was done in the form of a Greek כ: Moses placed oil upon Aaron’s head and between his eyelashes and joined them with his finger. |
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וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ אֹתֽוֹ.
אַף מְשִׁיחָה זוֹ כְּמִין כִי, נוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וּבֵין רִסֵּי עֵינָיו וּמְחַבְּרָן בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ (כריתות ה'):
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8You must bring forth his sons and dress them in tunics. |
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חוְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו תַּקְרִ֑יב וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֖ם כֻּתֳּנֹֽת: |
9You must gird them with sashes—Aaron and his sons—and put on their hats. You will thus install Aaron and his sons into their duties and make the priesthood theirs as an eternal right. |
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טוְחָֽגַרְתָּ֩ אֹתָ֨ם אַבְנֵ֜ט אַֽהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֗יו וְחָֽבַשְׁתָּ֤ לָהֶם֙ מִגְבָּעֹ֔ת וְהָֽיְתָ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם כְּהֻנָּ֖ה לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וּמִלֵּאתָ֥ יַד־אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן וְיַד־בָּנָֽיו: |
וְהָֽיְתָה לָהֶם - (lit.) It will act for them - i.e., this process of inauguration, that they achieve an eternal right of priesthood. |
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וְהָֽיְתָה לָהֶם.
מִלּוּי יָדַיִם זֶה לִכְהֻנַּת עוֹלָם:
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וּמִלֵּאתָ - You must install - by means of these actions. |
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וּמִלֵּאתָ.
עַל יְדֵי הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה:
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יַד־אַֽהֲרֹן וְיַד־בָּנָֽיו - Aaron and his sons - into the initiation and position of the priesthood. |
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יַד־אַֽהֲרֹן וְיַד־בָּנָֽיו.
בְּמִנּוּי וּפְקֻדַּת הַכְּהֻנָּה:
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10You must bring the bull before the Tent of Meeting, and Aaron and his sons must lean their hands on the bull’s head. |
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יוְהִקְרַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַפָּ֔ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְסָמַ֨ךְ אַֽהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַפָּֽר: |
11You must slaughter the bull before God, outside the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. |
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יאוְשָֽׁחַטְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַפָּ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד: |
פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵֽד - (lit.) At the entrance of the Tent of Meeting - i.e., in the Courtyard of the Tabernacle that is in front of the entrance. |
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פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵֽד.
בַּחֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּתַח:
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12You must take some of the bull’s blood and put it on the Altar’s protrusions with your finger. You must spill all the blood onto the base of the Altar. |
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יבוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר וְנָֽתַתָּ֛ה עַל־קַרְנֹ֥ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ בְּאֶצְבָּעֶ֑ךָ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַדָּ֣ם תִּשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ: |
עַל־קַרְנֹת - On the protrusions - i.e., above, on the protrusions themselves. |
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עַל־קַרְנֹת.
לְמַעְלָה בַּקְּרָנוֹת מַמָּשׁ:
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וְאֶת־כָּל־הַדָּם - All the blood - i.e., all the remainder of the blood. |
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וְאֶת־כָּל־הַדָּם.
שְׁיָרֵי הַדָּם:
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אֶל־יְסוֹד הַמִּזְבֵּחַ - Onto the base of the Altar. A kind of projection forming a receptacle was made all around the Altar at the height of one cubit from the ground. |
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אֶל־יְסוֹד הַמִּזְבֵּחַ.
כְּמִין בְּלִיטַת בֵּית קִבּוּל עָשׂוּי לוֹ סָבִיב סָבִיב, לְאַחַר שֶׁעָלָה אַמָּה מִן הָאָרֶץ:
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13You must take the entire membrane of fat covering the bull’s innards, the diaphragm with part of the liver, and the two kidneys with the fat on them, and burn them on the Altar. |
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יגוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֗ אֶת־כָּל־הַחֵ֘לֶב֘ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֒רֶב֒ וְאֵ֗ת הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֑ן וְהִקְטַרְתָּ֖ הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה: |
הַחֵלֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב - The fat covering the innards. This is the membrane that is over the stomach, called “tyle” in Old French. |
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הַחֵלֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב.
הוּא הַקְּרוּם שֶׁעַל הַכֶּרֶס, שֶׁקּוֹרִין טי"לא:
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וְאֵת הַיֹּתֶרֶת - This is טַרְפְּשָׁא דְכַבְדָּא – the diaphragm, - called “ebres” in Old French. |
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וְאֵת הַיֹּתֶרֶת.
הוּא טַרְפְּשָׁא דְּכַבְדָּא, שֶׁקּוֹרִין איבר"יש:
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עַל־הַכָּבֵד - means: he is to take also some of the liver with the diaphragm. |
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עַל־הַכָּבֵד.
אַף מִן הַכָּבֵד טֹל עִמָּהּ (ספרא):
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14You must burn up the flesh of the bull in fire, together with its hide and its waste, outside the camp. It is a sin-offering. |
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ידוְאֶת־בְּשַׂ֤ר הַפָּר֙ וְאֶת־עֹר֣וֹ וְאֶת־פִּרְשׁ֔וֹ תִּשְׂרֹ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ מִח֖וּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶ֑ה חַטָּ֖את הֽוּא: |
תִּשְׂרֹף בָּאֵשׁ - (lit.) You must burn up in fire. We do not find that any sin-offering whose blood is applied to the Outer Altar must be burned except this one. |
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תִּשְׂרֹף בָּאֵשׁ.
לֹא מָצִינוּ חַטָּאת חִיצוֹנָה נִשְׂרֶפֶת אֶלָּא זוֹ:
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15You must take the first ram. Aaron and his sons must lean their hands on the ram’s head. |
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טווְאֶת־הָאַ֥יִל הָֽאֶחָ֖ד תִּקָּ֑ח וְסָ֨מְכ֜וּ אַֽהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל: |
16You must slaughter the ram. You must then take its blood and dash it onto the Altar, encircling it. |
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טזוְשָֽׁחַטְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָ֑יִל וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְזָֽרַקְתָּ֥ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב: |
וְזָֽרַקְתָּ - And dash it - with a vessel, i.e., he holds the basin and dashes the blood toward the corner of the Altar so that it is visible on two sides. The only offering that requires applying the blood to the Altar with the finger is a sin-offering, but other sacrifices like this one do not require the blood to be applied to the protrusions nor that it be done with the finger, for their blood was applied to the lower half of the Altar, and the priest would not ascend the ramp, but stand on the ground and dash the blood from there. |
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וְזָֽרַקְתָּ.
בִּכְלִי; אוֹחֵז בַּמִּזְרָק וְזוֹרֵק כְּנֶגֶד הַקֶּרֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, וְאֵין קָרְבָּן טָעוּן מַתָּנָה בְּאֶצְבַּע אֶלָּא חַטָּאת בִּלְבַד, אֲבָל שְׁאָר זְבָחִים אֵינָן טְעוּנִין קֶרֶן וְלֹא אֶצְבַּע, שֶׁמַּתַּן דָּמָם מֵחֲצִי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּלְמַטָּה, וְאֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה בַּכֶּבֶשׁ אֶלָּא עוֹמֵד בָּאָרֶץ וְזוֹרֵק (זבחים נ"ג):
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סָבִֽיב - Encircling. So it is explained in Tractate Shechitat Kodashim, that סָבִיב here denotes nothing else than two applications of blood that become four – one on one corner and the other on the corner diagonally opposite it, with each application visible on the two sides of each corner, with the result that the blood was applied to the four sides of the Altar all around, and it is therefore termed סָבִיב “all around.” |
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סָבִֽיב.
כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בִּשְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים שֶׁאֵין סָבִיב אֶלָּא שְׁתֵּי מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע, הָאַחַת בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית זוֹ, וְהָאַחַת שֶׁכְּנֶגְדָהּ בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן, וְכָל מַתָּנָה נִרְאֵית בִּשְׁנֵי צִדֵּי הַקֶּרֶן אֵילָךְ וָאֵילָךְ, נִמְצָא הַדָּם נָתוּן בְּאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת סָבִיב, לְכָךְ קָרוּי סָבִיב:
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17You must cut the ram into sections, wash its innards and legs, and place them together with its other pieces and its head. |
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יזוְאֶ֨ת־הָאַ֔יִל תְּנַתֵּ֖חַ לִנְתָחָ֑יו וְרָֽחַצְתָּ֤ קִרְבּוֹ֙ וּכְרָעָ֔יו וְנָֽתַתָּ֥ עַל־נְתָחָ֖יו וְעַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ: |
עַל־נְתָחָיו - (lit., “upon its pieces”). means here “together with its pieces” i.e., in addition to the other pieces. |
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עַל־נְתָחָיו.
עִם נְתָחָיו – מוּסָף עַל שְׁאָר הַנְּתָחִים:
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18You must burn the entire ram on the Altar; it is an ascent-offering to God. It will be a fire-offering brought in order to please God. |
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יחוְהִקְטַרְתָּ֤ אֶת־כָּל־הָאַ֨יִל֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עֹלָ֥ה ה֖וּא לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיח֔וֹחַ אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה הֽוּא: |
רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ - (lit.) A pleasing aroma - i.e., it gives Me pleasure that I declared that this be done and My will was carried out. |
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רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ.
נַחַת רוּחַ לְפָנַי, שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי וְנַעֲשָׂה רְצוֹנִי:
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אִשֶּׁה - is derived from אֵשׁ “fire,” and it denotes the burning of the limbs upon the fire. |
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אִשֶּׁה.
לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ, וְהִיא הַקְטָרַת אֵבָרִים שֶׁעַל הָאֵשׁ:
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