| 14When Abram came to Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. |
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ידוַיְהִ֕י כְּב֥וֹא אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה וַיִּרְא֤וּ הַמִּצְרִים֙ אֶת־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יָפָ֥ה הִ֖וא מְאֹֽד: |
| וַיְהִי כְּבוֹא אַבְרָם מִצְרָיְמָה - When Abram came to Egypt. It should have said: “As they came to Egypt.” However, by not mentioning Sarai, it teaches us that Abram hid her in a crate, and in the process of demanding the custom fees they opened it and discovered her. |
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וַיְהִי כְּבוֹא אַבְרָם מִצְרָיְמָה.
הָיָה לוֹ לוֹמַר כְּבוֹאָם מִצְרַיְמָה? אֶלָּא לִמֵּד שֶׁהִטְמִין אוֹתָהּ בְּתֵבָה, וְעַל יְדֵי שֶׁתָּבְעוּ אֶת הַמֶּכֶס פָּתְחוּ וְרָאוּ אוֹתָהּ:
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| 15Pharaoh’s ministers saw her and spoke highly of her, agreeing among themselves that she was fit to be a wife for Pharaoh, so the woman was taken into Pharaoh’s palace. |
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טווַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיְהַֽלֲל֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַתֻּקַּ֥ח הָֽאִשָּׁ֖ה בֵּ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה: |
| וַיְהַֽלֲלוּ אותה אֶל־פַרְעֹה - (lit.) And they praised her for Pharaoh. They praised her among themselves, saying, “This woman is fit for the king.” |
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וַיְהַֽלֲלוּ אותה אֶל־פַרְעֹה.
הִלְּלוּהָ בֵינֵיהֶם לוֹמַר הֲגוּנָה זוֹ לַמֶּלֶךְ:
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| 16Pharaoh treated Abram well because of her; in this way Abram acquired flocks, cattle, donkeys, bondmen, bondwomen, she-donkeys, and camels. |
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טזוּלְאַבְרָ֥ם הֵיטִ֖יב בַּֽעֲבוּרָ֑הּ וַֽיְהִי־ל֤וֹ צֹֽאן־וּבָקָר֙ וַֽחֲמֹרִ֔ים וַֽעֲבָדִים֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת וַֽאֲתֹנֹ֖ת וּגְמַלִּֽים: |
| וּלְאַבְרָם הֵיטִיב - He treated Abram well - i.e., Pharaoh treated him well “because of her”; He gave him gifts. |
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וּלְאַבְרָם הֵיטִיב.
פַּרְעֹה בעבורה:
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| 17God struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues at the word of Sarai, the wife of Abram. |
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יזוַיְנַגַּ֨ע יְהֹוָ֧ה | אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֛ה נְגָעִ֥ים גְּדֹלִ֖ים וְאֶת־בֵּית֑וֹ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרַ֖י אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָֽם: |
| וַיְנַגַּע ה' וגו' - God struck… He was smitten with the ra’atan skin disease, which makes marital relations painful. Bereshit Rabbah. |
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וַיְנַגַּע ה' וגו'.
בְּמַכַּת רָאתָן לָקָה, שֶׁהַתַּשְׁמִישׁ קָשֶׁה לוֹ (בראשית רבה):
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| וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: וְעַל אֱנַשׁ בֵּיתֵיהּ – “and on his household.” But its Midrashic explanation is: It comes to include in the curse his walls, his pillars, and his utensils. |
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וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ וְעַל אֱנַשׁ בֵּיתֵהּ וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ לְרַבּוֹת כֹּתָלָיו וְעַמּוּדָיו וְכֵּלָיו בְּרַשִׁ"י יָשָׁן):
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| עַל־דְּבַר שָׂרַי - At the word of Sarai - means: “by her orders.” She would tell the angel, “Smite!” and he smote. |
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עַל־דְּבַר שָׂרַי.
עַל פִּי דִּבּוּרָהּ; אוֹמֶרֶת לַמַּלְאָךְ הַךְ, וְהוּא מַכֶּה;
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| 18Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this that you have done to me? Why did you not tell me that she was your wife? |
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יחוַיִּקְרָ֤א פַרְעֹה֙ לְאַבְרָ֔ם וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֑י לָ֚מָּה לֹֽא־הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י כִּ֥י אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ הִֽוא: |
| 19Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to myself as a wife? Now here is your wife; take her and go!” |
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יטלָמָ֤ה אָמַ֨רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא וָֽאֶקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ לִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ: |
| קַח וָלֵֽךְ - Take her and go! Unlike Avimelech, who said to Abram, “My land is here before you…,” Pharaoh told him: “Go, and do not remain here!” for the Egyptians are a lecherous people, as it says about them: “And whose issue is frequent like the issue of horses.” |
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קַח וָלֵֽךְ.
לֹא כַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הִנֵּה אַרְצִי לְפָנֶיךָ, אֶלָּא אָמַר לוֹ לֵךְ וְאַל תַּעֲמֹד, שֶׁהַמִּצְרִים שְׁטוּפֵי זִמָּה הֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְזִרְמַת סוּסִים זִרְמָתָם: (יחזקאל כ"ג):
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| 20Pharaoh charged men to escort and guard Abram, and they escorted him together with his wife and all that he possessed. |
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כוַיְצַ֥ו עָלָ֛יו פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיְשַׁלְּח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ: |
| וַיְצַו עָלָיו - (lit.) He charged upon him - means: He commanded his men concerning him, to accompany him and to protect him. |
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וַיְצַו עָלָיו.
עַל אוֹדוֹתָיו, לְשַׁלְּחוֹ וּלְשָׁמְרוֹ:
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| וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: וְאַלְוִיאוּ “and they escorted him.” |
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וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ וְאַלְוִיאוּ:
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| 1From Egypt, Abram went up to the south of Canaan—he, his wife, and everything he owned—and Lot was with him. |
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אוַיַּ֩עַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם ה֠וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֧וֹ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וְל֥וֹט עִמּ֖וֹ הַנֶּֽגְבָּה: |
| וַיַּעַל אַבְרָם וגו' הַנֶּֽגְבָּה - Abram went up…to the south. i.e., to come to the south of the Land of Israel – just as it says above: “traveling steadily toward the south” – to Mount Moriah, in the southern part of the Land of Israel. However, when one travels from Egypt to Canaan, one goes from south to north, since Egypt is to the south of the Land of Israel, as is evident from the accounts of the Israelite’s travels from Egypt and from the description of the boundaries of the Land of Israel. |
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וַיַּעַל אַבְרָם וגו' הַנֶּֽגְבָּה.
לָבֹא לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְֹרָאֵל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לְמַעְלָה הָלוֹךְ וְנָסוֹעַ הַנֶּגְבָּה, לְהַר הַמּוֹרִיָּה; וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם כְּשֶׁהוּא הוֹלֵךְ מִמִּצְרַיִם לְאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, מִדָּרוֹם לְצָפוֹן הוּא מְהַלֵּךְ, שֶׁאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמוֹ שֶׁמּוֹכִיחַ בַּמַּסָּעוֹת וּבִגְבוּלֵי הָאָרֶץ:
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| 2Abram was heavily laden with cattle, silver, and gold. |
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בוְאַבְרָ֖ם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד בַּמִּקְנֶ֕ה בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַזָּהָֽב: |
| כָּבֵד מְאֹד - (lit.) Very heavy - means: heavily laden with burdens. |
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כָּבֵד מְאֹד.
טָעוּן מַשָּׂאוֹת:
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| 3He continued on his travels, from the south of Canaan toward Bethel, until he reached the place where he originally had his tent, between Bethel and Ai, |
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גוַיֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ לְמַסָּעָ֔יו מִנֶּ֖גֶב וְעַד־בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל עַד־הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֤ם אָֽהֳלֹה֙ בַּתְּחִלָּ֔ה בֵּ֥ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֖ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעָֽי: |
| וַיֵּלֶךְ לְמַסָּעָיו - (lit.) He went on his travels. When he returned from Egypt to Canaan, he stayed in the same lodging-places as he had stayed on his way to Egypt. This teaches you correct behavior, that a man should not change his lodging-place. Another explanation: On his way back, he repaid his debts that he had incurred on his way there. |
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וַיֵּלֶךְ לְמַסָּעָיו.
כְּשֶׁחָזַר מִמִּצְרַיִם לְאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן הָיָה הוֹלֵךְ וְלָן בָּאַכְסַנְיוֹת שֶׁלָּן בָּהֶם בַּהֲלִיכָתוֹ לְמִצְרַיִם, לִמֶּדְךָ דֶּרֶך אֶרֶץ, שֶׁלֹּא יְשַׁנֶּה אָדָם מֵאַכְסַנְיָא שֶׁלּוֹ. דָּבָר אַחֵר בַּחֲזָרָתוֹ פָּרַע הַקָּפוֹתָיו (בראשית רבה):
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| מִנֶּגֶב - From the south. This refers to Egypt, for Egypt is to the south of Canaan. |
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מִנֶּגֶב.
אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן:
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| 4the site of the altar that he had built there at first, where Abram had invoked God. And now again, Abram invoked God there. |
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דאֶל־מְקוֹם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥שָׂה שָׁ֖ם בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָ֑ה וַיִּקְרָ֥א שָׁ֛ם אַבְרָ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהֹוָֽה: |
| אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה שָׁם בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָה - That he had built there at first and (lit.) [Abram] invoked there - i.e., “where Abram had invoked God.” However, it may also be understood to mean that Abram now invoked God there. |
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אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה שָׁם בָּרִֽאשֹׁנָה.
וַאֲשֶׁר קָרָא שָׁם אַבְרָם בְּשֵׁם ה' וְגַם יֵשׁ לוֹמַר וַיִּקְרָא שָׁם עַכְשָׁו בְּשֵׁם ה':
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