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Rambam - 1 Chapter a Day

Positive Commandments: Part 3

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Positive Commandments: Part 3

167

To rest on the eighth day of the festival of Sukkot, as [Leviticus 23:36] states: "On the eighth day, there shall be a sacred holiday."

קסז

לִשְׁבּוֹת בַּשְּׁמִינִי שֶׁל חַג, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ" (ראה ויקרא כג, לו).

168

To dwell in a sukkah for seven days, as [Leviticus 23:42] states: "And you shall dwell in sukkot for seven days."

קסח

לֵישֵׁב בַּסֻּכָּה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בַּסֻּכּוֹת תֵּשְׁבוּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים" (ויקרא כג, מב).

169

To take the lulav [and the other three species on Sukkot], as [Leviticus 23:40] states: "And you shall take for yourselves on the first day, the fruit of a beautiful tree, a palm branch,...."

קסט

לִטֹּל לוּלָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר כַּפֹּת תְּמָרִים" (ויקרא כג, מ).

170

To hear the sound of the shofar on Rosh HaShanah, as [Numbers 29:1] states: "It will be a day of [shofar] blasts for you."

קע

לִשְׁמֹעַ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "יוֹם תְּרוּעָה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם" (במדבר כט, א).

171

To give a half-shekel each year, as [Exodus 30:13] states: "This shall be given by all those included in the census...."

קעא

לִתֵּן מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל בְּכָל שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "זֶה יִתְּנוּ כָּל הָעֹבֵר עַל הַפְּקֻדִים" (שמות ל, יג).

172

To listen to any prophet who will arise in any era, provided he does not add or detract [from the Torah's commandments], as [Deuteronomy 18:15] states: "You shall listen to him."

קעב

לִשְׁמֹעַ מִכָּל נָבִיא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בְּכָל דּוֹר וָדוֹר אִם לֹא יוֹסִיף וְלֹא יִגְרַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֵלָיו תִּשְׁמָעוּן" (דברים יח, טו).

173

To appoint a king, as [Deuteronomy 17:15] states: "You shall surely set a king upon yourselves."

קעג

לְמַנּוֹת מֶלֶךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שׂוֹם תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ" (דברים יז, טו).

174

To obey the High Court regarding all [the or­dinances] they establish for Israel, as [Deuteron­omy 17:11] states: "Carry out the judgment which they render for you."

קעד

לִשְׁמֹעַ מִכָּל בֵּית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁיַּעַמְדוּ לָהֶם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט אֲשֶׁר יֹאמְרוּ לְךָ תַּעֲשֶׂה" (דברים יז, יא).

175

To follow the majority if there is a difference of opinion in the Sanhedrin concerning a law, as [Exodus 23:2] states: "Follow after the majority."

קעה

לִנְטוֹת אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים אִם תִּהְיֶה מַחֲלֹקֶת בֵּין הַסַּנְהֶדְרִין בַּדִּינִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים לְהַטּוֹת" (שמות כג, ב).

176

To appoint judges and court officers in each and every Jewish community, as [Deuteron­omy 16:18] states: "Appoint judges and court officers...."

קעו

לְמַנּוֹת שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים בְּכָל קָהָל וְקָהָל מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים תִּתֶּן לְךָ" (דברים טז, יח).

177

To treat litigants equally when they appear [in court] to be judged, as [Leviticus 19:15] states: "Judge your fellow man with righteousness."

קעז

לְהַשְׁווֹת בֵּין בַּעֲלֵי דִּינִין בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעוֹמְדִין בַּדִּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בְּצֶדֶק תִּשְׁפֹּט עֲמִיתֶךָ" (ויקרא יט, טו).

178

For anyone who has evidence to testify in court, as [Leviticus 5:1] states: "If he was a witness, saw, or knew...."

קעח

לְהָעִיד בְּבֵית דִּין לְמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ עֵדוּת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהוּא עֵד אוֹ רָאָה אוֹ יָדָע" (ויקרא ה, א).

179

To cross-examine the witnesses thoroughly, as [Deuteronomy 13:15] states: "You must inves­tigate and probe, making careful enquiry."

קעט

לַחֲקֹר הָעֵדִים הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְדָרַשְׁתָּ וְחָקַרְתָּ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ הֵיטֵב" (דברים יג, טו).

180

To [punish] false witnesses [by] giving them the same penalty that they wish to have imposed [on the defendant], as [Deuteronomy 19:19] states: "And you shall do to him what he plotted to do to his brother."

קפ

לַעֲשׂוֹת לְעֵדִים זוֹמְמִין כְּמוֹ שֶׁזָמוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַעֲשִׂיתֶם לוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר זָמַם" (דברים יט, יט).

181

To decapitate the calf [brought as atonement for an unsolved murder] as required, as [Deuteron­omy 21:4] states: "You shall decapitate the calf there in the river."

קפא

לַעֲרֹף אֶת הָעֶגְלָה כְּמִצְוָתָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעָרְפוּ שָׁם אֶת הָעֶגְלָה בַּנָּחַל" (דברים כא, ד).

182

To prepare six refuge cities, as [Deuteronomy 19:3] states: "Prepare the way and divide into three [the boundary]...."

קפב

לְהָכִין שֵׁשׁ עָרֵי מִקְלָט, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "תָּכִין לְךָ הַדֶּרֶךְ וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ" (דברים יט, ג).

183

To give the Levites cities in which to dwell - they also serve as refuge centers - as [Numbers 35:2] states: "And you shall give cities to the Levites...."

קפג

לָתֵת לַלְּוִיִּים עָרִים לָשֶׁבֶת, וְגַם הֵן קוֹלְטוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְנָתְנוּ לַלְּוִיִּים . . . עָרִים" (במדבר לה, ב).

184

To construct a guard rail, as [Deuteronomy 22:8] states: "And you shall construct a guard rail for your roof."

קפד

לַעֲשׂוֹת מַעֲקֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעָשִׂיתָ מַעֲקֶה לְגַגֶךָ" (דברים כב, ח).

185

To destroy false gods and all their objects of worship, as [Deuteronomy 12:2] states: "You shall surely destroy...."

קפה

לְאַבֵּד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְכָל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אַבֵּד תְּאַבְּדוּן אֶת כָּל הַמְּקֹמוֹת" (דברים יב, ב).

186

To slay the inhabitants of an apostate city and burn the city, as [Deuteronomy 13:17] states: "And you shall burn the city and all its spoil with fire."

קפו

לַהֲרֹג אַנְשֵׁי עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת וְלִשְׂרֹף אֶת הָעִיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְשָׂרַפְתָּ בָאֵשׁ אֶת . . . כָּל שְׁלָלָהּ" (דברים יג, יז).

187

To destroy the seven nations [that dwelled in] Eretz Yisrael, as [Deuteronomy 20:17] states: "You shall utterly destroy them."

קפז

לְאַבֵּד שִׁבְעָה עֲמָמִים מֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם" (דברים כ, יז).

188

To exterminate the seed of Amalek, as [Deuteronomy 25:19] states: "Blot out the memory of Amalek."

קפח

לְהַכְרִית זַרְעוֹ שֶׁל עֲמָלֵק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "תִּמְחֶה אֶת זֶכֶר עֲמָלֵק" (דברים כה, יט).

189

To constantly remember what Amalek did to us, as [Deuteronomy 25:17] states: "Remember what Amalek did to you."

קפט

לִזְכֹּר מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה לָנוּ עֲמָלֵק תָּדִיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "זָכוֹר אֵת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְךָ עֲמָלֵק" (דברים כה, יז).

190

To wage a voluntary war according to the laws prescribed by the Torah, as [Deuteronomy 20:10] states: "When you approach the city...."

קצ

לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת הָרְשׁוּת כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הַכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תִקְרַב אֶל עִיר" (דברים כ, י).

191

To anoint a priest [who will address the people before] battle, as [Deuteronomy 20:2] states: "And it shall come to pass, when you approach the battle, the priest will come forward and speak to the people...."

קצא

לִמְשֹׁחַ כֹּהֵן לְמִלְחָמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהָיָה כְּקָרָבְכֶם אֶל הַמִּלְחָמָה; וְנִגַּשׁ הַכֹּהֵן" (דברים כ, ב).

192

To prepare a place [outside] the [army] camp [for use as a latrine], as [Deuteronomy 23:13] states: "Prepare a place for yourselves outside the camp."

קצב

לְהַתְקִין יָד בַּמַּחֲנֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְיָד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה" (דברים כג, יג).

193

To prepare a shovel [to cover one's excre­ment], as [Deuteronomy 23:14] states: "You shall have a shovel in addition to your weapons."

קצג

לְהַתְקִין יָתֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְיָתֵד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ עַל אֲזֵנֶךָ" (דברים כג, יד).

194

To return a stolen object, as [Leviticus 5:23] states: "And he shall return the object which he stole."

קצד

לְהָשִׁיב אֶת הַגֶּזֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת הַגְּזֵלָה אֲשֶׁר גָּזָל" (ויקרא ה, כג).

195

To give charity, as [Deuteronomy 15:8] states: "You shall surely open your hand [to your poor brother]."

קצה

לִתֵּן צְדָקָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "פָּתֹחַ תִּפְתַּח אֶת יָדְךָ" (דברים טו, ח; דברים טו, יא).

196

To give a severance gift to a Hebrew servant, as [Deuteronomy 15:14] states: "You shall surely give him gifts...." Similarly, [this gift is given] to a Hebrew maidservant.

קצו

לְהַעֲנִיק לְעֶבֶד עִבְרִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הַעֲנֵק תַּעֲנִיק לוֹ" (דברים טו, יד); וְכֵן אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה.

197

To lend to the poor, as [Exodus 22:24] states: "If you will lend money to my people...." In this instance, the word "if" does not refer to a matter left to one's volition, but to a commandment, as [Deuteronomy 15:8] states: "You shall surely lend him."

קצז

לְהַלְווֹת לְעָנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִם כֶּסֶף תַּלְוֶה אֶת עַמִּי" (שמות כב, כד); "אִם" זֶה אֵינוֹ רְשׁוּת אֶלָּא מִצְוָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהַעֲבֵט תַּעֲבִיטֶנּוּ" (דברים טו, ח).

198

To lend to a gentile at interest, as [Deuteron­omy 23:21] states: "Take interest from a gentile." Based on the oral tradition, we have learned that this is a positive commandment.b

קצח

לְהַלְווֹת לְנָכְרִי (נ"א לעובד כוכבים) בְּרִבִּית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לַנָּכְרִי תַשִּׁיךְ" (דברים כג, כא); מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁזּוֹ מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה.

199

To return security to its owner, as [Deuteron­omy 24:13] states: "You shall surely return the security to him."

קצט

לְהָשִׁיב הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן לִבְעָלָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב לוֹ אֶת הָעֲבוֹט" (דברים כד, יג).

200

To pay a worker his wage on time, as [Deuteronomy 24:15] states: "Pay him his wage on the day it is due."

ר

לִתֵּן שְׂכַר שָׂכִיר בִּזְמַנּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בְּיוֹמוֹ תִתֵּן שְׂכָרוֹ" (דברים כד, טו).

201

For a hired worker to be allowed to eat [from produce] while he is working with it, as [Deuteronomy 23:25-26] states: "When you enter your neighbor's vineyard... When you enter your neighbor's standing grain...."

רא

לִהְיוֹת הַשָּׂכִיר אוֹכֵל בִּזְמַן שְׂכִירוּתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תָבֹא בְּכֶרֶם רֵעֶךָ" (דברים כג,כה), "כִּי תָבֹא בְּקָמַת רֵעֶךָ" (דברים כג, כו).

202

To assist a colleague in unloading a burden which he or his beast [is carrying], as [Exodus 23:5] states: "You shall surely help him."b

רב

לַעֲזֹב מֵעַל חֲבֵרוֹ אוֹ מֵעַל בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "עָזוֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ" (שמות כג, ה).

203

To [help a colleague] load a burden unto a beast, as [Deuteronomy 22:4] states: " You shall lift it up with him."

רג

לְהָקִים הַמַּשָּׂא עַל הַבְּהֵמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הָקֵם תָּקִים עִמּוֹ" (דברים כב, ד).

204

To return a lost object, as [Deuteronomy 22:1] states: "You shall surely return them to your brother."

רד

לְהָשִׁיב הָאֲבֵדָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הָשֵׁב תְּשִׁיבֵם לְאָחִיךָ" (דברים כב, א).

205

To rebuke a person who sins, as [Leviticus 19:17] states: "You shall surely rebuke your fellow men."

רה

לְהוֹכִיחַ הַחוֹטֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הוֹכֵחַ תּוֹכִיחַ אֶת עֲמִיתֶךָ" (ויקרא יט, יז).

206

To love every member of our people, as [Leviticus 19:18] states: "And you shall love your neighbor as yourself."

רו

לֶאֱהֹב כָּל בְּנֵי אָדָם מִבְּנֵי בְרִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ" (ויקרא יט, יח).

207

To love a convert, as [Deuteronomy 10:19] states: "And you shall love a convert."

רז

לֶאֱהֹב אֶת הַגֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַאֲהַבְתֶּם אֶת הַגֵּר" (דברים י, יט).

208

To balance scales with correct weights, as [Leviticus 19:36] states: "You shall have correct scales, with correct weights."

רח

לְצַדֵּק מֹאזְנַיִם עִם הַמִּשְׁקָלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מֹאזְנֵי צֶדֶק אַבְנֵי צֶדֶק" (ויקרא יט, לו).

209

To honor the Sages, as [Leviticus 19:32] states: "Rise before an elder."

רט

לְכַבֵּד הַחֲכָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מִפְּנֵי שֵׂיבָה תָּקוּם" (ויקרא יט, לב).

210

To honor one's father and mother, as [Exodus 20:12] states: "Honor your father and mother."

רי

לְכַבֵּד אָב וָאֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כַּבֵּד אֶת אָבִיךָ וְאֶת אִמֶּךָ" (שמות כ,יא; דברים ה, טו).

211

To fear one's father and mother, as [Leviticus 19:3] states: "A person must fear his mother and his father."

ריא

לְיִרְאָה מֵאָב וָאֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִישׁ אִמּוֹ וְאָבִיו תִּירָאוּ" (ויקרא יט, ג).

212

To be fruitful and multiply, as [Genesis 9:7] states: "Be fruitful and multiply."

ריב

לִפְרוֹת וְלִרְבּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ" (בראשית ט, ז).

213

To have sexual relations [only within] marriage, as [Deuteronomy 24:1] states: "If a man takes a woman [as a wife]...."

ריג

לִבְעֹל בְּקִדּוּשִׁין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יִקַּח אִישׁ אִשָּׁה; וּבָא אֵלֶיהָ" (דברים כב, יג; וראה דברים כד, א).

214

For a groom to rejoice together with his wife for a year, as [Deuteronomy 24:5] states: "He shall be free for his home for one year."

ריד

לְשַׂמֵּחַ חָתָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ שָׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "נָקִי יִהְיֶה לְבֵיתוֹ שָׁנָה אֶחָת . . ." (דברים כד, ה).

215

To circumcise a son, as [Leviticus 12:3] states: "On the eighth day, the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised."1

רטו

לָמוּל אֶת הַבֵּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִמּוֹל בְּשַׂר עָרְלָתוֹ" (ויקרא יב, ג).

216

To marry the widow of one's brother who died childless, as [Deuteronomy 25:5] states: "Her yavam shall come unto her."

רטז

לְיַבֵּם אֵשֶׁת אָח, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "יְבָמָהּ יָבוֹא עָלֶיהָ" (דברים כה, ה).

217

To remove the yavam's shoe [if he does not marry his brother's widow], as [Deuteronomy 25:9] states: "And she shall remove his shoe from his foot."

ריז

לַחְלֹץ לְיָבָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְחָלְצָה נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ" (דברים כה, ט).

218

For a rapist to marry the woman he raped, as [Deuteronomy 22:29] states: "She shall become his wife."

ריח

לִשָּׂא אוֹנֵס אֶת אֲנוּסָתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְלוֹ תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה" (דברים כב, כט).

219

For a person who made defamatory remarks about his wife to remain married to her for his entire life, as [Deuteronomy 22:19] states: "She shall become his wife. He may not send her away for his entire life."

ריט

לֵישֵׁב מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע עִם אִשְׁתּוֹ כָּל יָמָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְלוֹ תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה" (דברים כב, יט).

220

To carry out the judgment concerning a seducer, fining him fifty shekels and carrying out the other laws regarding this matter, as [Exodus 22:15] states: "If a person will seduce...."

רכ

לָדוּן בַּמְּפַתֶּה בַּחֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁקֶל עִם שְׁאָר דִּינִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִי יְפַתֶּה אִישׁ" (שמות כב, טו).

221

To carry out the procedure [the Torah] prescribes for a yefat to'ar, as [Deuteronomy 21:11] states: "And if you see a beautiful woman among the captives...."

רכא

לַעֲשׂוֹת לִיפַת תֹּאַר כַּכָּתוּב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְרָאִיתָ בַּשִּׁבְיָה אֵשֶׁת יְפַת תֹּאַר" (דברים כא, יא).

222

To divorce with a get, as [Deuteronomy 24:1] states: "And he shall write a bill of divorce for her and place it in her hand."

רכב

לְגָרֵשׁ בִּשְׁטָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכָתַב לָהּ סֵפֶר כְּרִיתֻת וְנָתַן בְּיָדָהּ" (דברים כד, א; דברים כד, ג).

223

To carry out the [procedure] prescribed for a sotah, as [Numbers 5:30] states: "And the priests will carry out all these laws for her."

רכג

לַעֲשׂוֹת לְסוֹטָה כַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעָשָׂה לָהּ הַכֹּהֵן אֵת כָּל הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת" (במדבר ה, ל).

224

To whip the wicked, as [Deuteronomy 25:2] states: "The judge will cast him down and beat him."

רכד

לְהַלְקוֹת הָרְשָׁעִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהִפִּילוֹ הַשּׁוֹפֵט וְהִכָּהוּ" (דברים כה, ב).

225

To exile a person who accidentally kills a person, as [Numbers 35:25] states: "And he shall dwell there until the High Priest dies...."

רכה

לְהַגְלוֹת רוֹצֵחַ בִּשְׁגָגָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְיָשַׁב בָּהּ עַד מוֹת הַכֹּהֵן" (במדבר לה, כה).

226

For a court to execute by decapitation, as [Exodus 21:20] states: "Revenge shall surely be taken."

רכו

לִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין הוֹרְגִין בַּסַּיִף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "נָקוֹם יִנָּקֵם" (שמות כא, כ).

227

For a court to execute by strangulation, as [Leviticus 20:10] states: "The adulterer and the adulteress shall die."

רכז

לִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין הוֹרְגִין בְּחֶנֶק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מוֹת יוּמַת הַנּוֹאֵף וְהַנֹּאָפֶת" (ויקרא כ, י).

228

For a court to execute by burning [the condemned] with fire, as [Leviticus 20:14] states: "They shall burn him and them with fire."

רכח

לִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין שׂוֹרְפִין בָּאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בָּאֵשׁ יִשְׂרְפוּ אוֹתוֹ וְאֶתְהֶן" (ויקרא כ, יד).

229

For a court to execute by stoning [the con­demned] with stones, as [Deuteronomy 22:24] states: "And you shall stone them."

רכט

לִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין סוֹקְלִין בָּאֲבָנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּסְקַלְתֶּם אוֹתָם" (דברים כב, כד).

230

To hang [the corpses] of those liable for hanging, as [Deuteronomy 21:22] states: "And you shall hang them on a gallows."

רל

לִתְלוֹת מִי שֶׁנִּתְחַיֵּב תְּלִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְתָלִיתָ אוֹתוֹ עַל עֵץ" (דברים כא, כב).

231

To bury [the body of] an executed person on the day of his execution, as [Deuteronomy 21:22] states: "For you shall surely bury him on that day."

רלא

לִקְבֹּר הַנֶּהֱרָג בְּיוֹמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי קָבוֹר תִּקְבְּרֶנּוּ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא" (דברים כא, כג).

232

To carry out the laws concerning a Hebrew servant, as [Exodus 21:2] states: "When you pur­chase a Hebrew servant...."

רלב

לָדוּן בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי כְּהִלְכוֹתָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תִקְנֶה עֶבֶד עִבְרִי" (שמות כא, ב).

233

To marry a Hebrew maidservant, as [Exodus 21:8] states: "Who has designated her for himself... and she will be redeemed."

רלג

לְיַעֵד אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֲשֶׁר לוֹ יְעָדָהּ" (שמות כא, ח), "וְאִם לִבְנוֹ יִיעָדֶנָּה" (שמות כא, ט).

234

To redeem a Hebrew maidservant, as [Exo­dus, ibid.] states: "And she will be redeemed."

רלד

לִפְדּוֹת אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהֶפְדָּהּ" (שמות כא, ח).

235

To have a Canaanite servant serve forever, as [Leviticus 25:46] states: "You shall have them serve you forever."

רלה

לַעֲבֹד בְּעֶבֶד כְּנַעֲנִי לְעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לְעוֹלָם בָּהֶם תַּעֲבֹדוּ" (ויקרא כה, מו).

236

For a person who injures [a colleague] to pay him damages, as [Exodus 21:18] states: "If men will quarrel and one man will strike [his colleague]...."

רלו

לִהְיוֹת הַחוֹבֵל מְשַׁלֵּם מָמוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יְרִיבוּן אֲנָשִׁים וְהִכָּה אִישׁ" (שמות כא, יח).

237

To judge regarding the damages caused by an ox, as [Exodus 21:35] states: "If an ox belonging to one person gores an ox belonging to a colleague...."

רלז

לָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי בְּהֵמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יִגֹּף שׁוֹר אִישׁ אֶת שׁוֹר רֵעֵהוּ" (שמות כא, לה).

238

To judge regarding the damages caused by a pit, as [Exodus 21:33] states: If a person will open a pit...."

רלח

לָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי הַבּוֹר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִי יִפְתַּח אִישׁ בּוֹר" (שמות כא, לג).

239

To judge a thief, obligating him for payment or execution, as [Exodus 21:37] states: "Should a theft be perpetrated," as [Exodus 22:1] states: "If when breaking in," and, as [Exodus 21:16] states: "If one kidnaps a person and sells him,…. "2

רלט

לָדוּן לְגַנָּב בְּתַשְׁלוּמִין אוֹ בְּמִיתָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יִגְנֹב" (ראה שמות כא, לז), "אִם בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת" (שמות כב, א), "וְגוֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ" (שמות כא, טז).

240

To judge regarding the damages caused by grazing, as [Exodus 22:4] states: "If a person will graze [his animals] in a field or vineyard...."

רמ

לָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי הֶבְעֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יַבְעֶר אִישׁ שָׂדֶה אוֹ כֶרֶם" (שמות כב, ד).

241

To judge regarding the damages caused by fire, as [Exodus 22:5] states: "If fire will break out and catch in thorns...."

רמא

לָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי הָאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תֵצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָצְאָה קֹצִים" (שמות כב, ה).

242

To render judgment [in questions] regarding an unpaid watchman, as [Exodus 22:6] states: "If a person will give a colleague money or utensils [to watch]...."

רמב

לָדוּן בְּדִין שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ כֶּסֶף אוֹ כֵלִים" (שמות כב, ו).

243

To render judgment [in questions] regarding a paid watchman, as [Exodus 22:9] states: "Should a person give a donkey or an ox...."

רמג

לָדוּן בְּדִין נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר וְשׂוֹכֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ חֲמוֹר אוֹ שׁוֹר" (שמות כב, ט).

244

To render judgment [in questions] regarding a borrower, as [Exodus 22:13] states: "If a person will borrow from a colleague...."

רמד

לָדוּן בְּדִין הַשּׁוֹאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יִשְׁאַל אִישׁ מֵעִם רֵעֵהוּ" (שמות כב, יג).

245

To render judgment [in questions] regarding business transactions, as [Leviticus 22:14] states: "If you sell merchandise to your colleague...."

רמה

לָדוּן בְּדִין מֶקָּח וּמִמְכָּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר לַעֲמִיתֶךָ" (ויקרא כה, יד).

246

To render judgment [in questions] regarding claims made by one person against another, as [Exodus 22:8] states: "For every matter of trespass, concerning an ox, concerning a donkey, or con­cerning a sheep...."

רמו

לָדוּן בְּדִין טוֹעֵן וְכוֹפֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "עַל כָּל דְּבַר פֶּשַׁע" (שמות כב, ח).

247

To save a person who is being pursued even if it is necessary to kill the pursuer, as [Deuteronomy 25:12] states: "And you shall cut off her hand...."

רמז

לְהַצִּיל הַנִּרְדָּף וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּנֶפֶשׁ הָרוֹדֵף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְקַצֹּתָה אֶת כַּפָּהּ" (דברים כה, יב).

248

To render judgment [in questions] regarding inheritances as [Numbers 27:8] states: "If a person dies without having a son...."

רמח

לָדוּן בְּדִינֵי נְחָלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִישׁ כִּי יָמוּת וּבֵן אֵין לוֹ" (במדבר כז, ח).

Quiz Yourself on the Positive Commandments - Part 3

Footnotes
1.

The Rambam cites this verse, rather than a verse from Genesis, Chapter 17, which describes the circumcision of Abraham, because he prefers to cite a prooftext that was given after the giving of the Torah. Nevertheless, we also learn some particulars regarding this mitzvah from the passage from Genesis. (See also the Rambam's Commentary on the Mishnah, Chulin 7:6.)

2.

. The Rambam cites these different verses because each involves a different punishment. (See also Negative Mitzvot 243 and 244.)

The Mishneh Torah was the Rambam's (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon) magnum opus, a work spanning hundreds of chapters and describing all of the laws mentioned in the Torah. To this day it is the only work that details all of Jewish observance, including those laws which are only applicable when the Holy Temple is in place. Participating in one of the annual study cycles of these laws (3 chapters/day, 1 chapter/day, or Sefer Hamitzvot) is a way we can play a small but essential part in rebuilding the final Temple.
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The text on this page contains sacred literature. Please do not deface or discard.