Rambam - 1 Chapter a Day
Positive Commandments: Part 3
Positive Commandments: Part 3
To rest on the eighth day of the festival of Sukkot, as [Leviticus 23:36] states: "On the eighth day, there shall be a sacred holiday."
קסזלִשְׁבּוֹת בַּשְּׁמִינִי שֶׁל חַג, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי מִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁ" (ראה ויקרא כג, לו).
To dwell in a sukkah for seven days, as [Leviticus 23:42] states: "And you shall dwell in sukkot for seven days."
קסחלֵישֵׁב בַּסֻּכָּה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בַּסֻּכּוֹת תֵּשְׁבוּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים" (ויקרא כג, מב).
To take the lulav [and the other three species on Sukkot], as [Leviticus 23:40] states: "And you shall take for yourselves on the first day, the fruit of a beautiful tree, a palm branch,...."
קסטלִטֹּל לוּלָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר כַּפֹּת תְּמָרִים" (ויקרא כג, מ).
To hear the sound of the shofar on Rosh HaShanah, as [Numbers 29:1] states: "It will be a day of [shofar] blasts for you."
קעלִשְׁמֹעַ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "יוֹם תְּרוּעָה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם" (במדבר כט, א).
To give a half-shekel each year, as [Exodus 30:13] states: "This shall be given by all those included in the census...."
קעאלִתֵּן מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל בְּכָל שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "זֶה יִתְּנוּ כָּל הָעֹבֵר עַל הַפְּקֻדִים" (שמות ל, יג).
To listen to any prophet who will arise in any era, provided he does not add or detract [from the Torah's commandments], as [Deuteronomy 18:15] states: "You shall listen to him."
קעבלִשְׁמֹעַ מִכָּל נָבִיא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בְּכָל דּוֹר וָדוֹר אִם לֹא יוֹסִיף וְלֹא יִגְרַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֵלָיו תִּשְׁמָעוּן" (דברים יח, טו).
To appoint a king, as [Deuteronomy 17:15] states: "You shall surely set a king upon yourselves."
קעגלְמַנּוֹת מֶלֶךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שׂוֹם תָּשִׂים עָלֶיךָ מֶלֶךְ" (דברים יז, טו).
To obey the High Court regarding all [the ordinances] they establish for Israel, as [Deuteronomy 17:11] states: "Carry out the judgment which they render for you."
קעדלִשְׁמֹעַ מִכָּל בֵּית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁיַּעַמְדוּ לָהֶם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט אֲשֶׁר יֹאמְרוּ לְךָ תַּעֲשֶׂה" (דברים יז, יא).
To follow the majority if there is a difference of opinion in the Sanhedrin concerning a law, as [Exodus 23:2] states: "Follow after the majority."
קעהלִנְטוֹת אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים אִם תִּהְיֶה מַחֲלֹקֶת בֵּין הַסַּנְהֶדְרִין בַּדִּינִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים לְהַטּוֹת" (שמות כג, ב).
To appoint judges and court officers in each and every Jewish community, as [Deuteronomy 16:18] states: "Appoint judges and court officers...."
קעולְמַנּוֹת שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים בְּכָל קָהָל וְקָהָל מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים תִּתֶּן לְךָ" (דברים טז, יח).
To treat litigants equally when they appear [in court] to be judged, as [Leviticus 19:15] states: "Judge your fellow man with righteousness."
קעזלְהַשְׁווֹת בֵּין בַּעֲלֵי דִּינִין בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁעוֹמְדִין בַּדִּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בְּצֶדֶק תִּשְׁפֹּט עֲמִיתֶךָ" (ויקרא יט, טו).
For anyone who has evidence to testify in court, as [Leviticus 5:1] states: "If he was a witness, saw, or knew...."
קעחלְהָעִיד בְּבֵית דִּין לְמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ עֵדוּת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהוּא עֵד אוֹ רָאָה אוֹ יָדָע" (ויקרא ה, א).
To cross-examine the witnesses thoroughly, as [Deuteronomy 13:15] states: "You must investigate and probe, making careful enquiry."
קעטלַחֲקֹר הָעֵדִים הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְדָרַשְׁתָּ וְחָקַרְתָּ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ הֵיטֵב" (דברים יג, טו).
To [punish] false witnesses [by] giving them the same penalty that they wish to have imposed [on the defendant], as [Deuteronomy 19:19] states: "And you shall do to him what he plotted to do to his brother."
קפלַעֲשׂוֹת לְעֵדִים זוֹמְמִין כְּמוֹ שֶׁזָמוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַעֲשִׂיתֶם לוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר זָמַם" (דברים יט, יט).
To decapitate the calf [brought as atonement for an unsolved murder] as required, as [Deuteronomy 21:4] states: "You shall decapitate the calf there in the river."
קפאלַעֲרֹף אֶת הָעֶגְלָה כְּמִצְוָתָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעָרְפוּ שָׁם אֶת הָעֶגְלָה בַּנָּחַל" (דברים כא, ד).
To prepare six refuge cities, as [Deuteronomy 19:3] states: "Prepare the way and divide into three [the boundary]...."
קפבלְהָכִין שֵׁשׁ עָרֵי מִקְלָט, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "תָּכִין לְךָ הַדֶּרֶךְ וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ" (דברים יט, ג).
To give the Levites cities in which to dwell - they also serve as refuge centers - as [Numbers 35:2] states: "And you shall give cities to the Levites...."
קפגלָתֵת לַלְּוִיִּים עָרִים לָשֶׁבֶת, וְגַם הֵן קוֹלְטוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְנָתְנוּ לַלְּוִיִּים . . . עָרִים" (במדבר לה, ב).
To construct a guard rail, as [Deuteronomy 22:8] states: "And you shall construct a guard rail for your roof."
קפדלַעֲשׂוֹת מַעֲקֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעָשִׂיתָ מַעֲקֶה לְגַגֶךָ" (דברים כב, ח).
To destroy false gods and all their objects of worship, as [Deuteronomy 12:2] states: "You shall surely destroy...."
קפהלְאַבֵּד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְכָל מְשַׁמְּשֶׁיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אַבֵּד תְּאַבְּדוּן אֶת כָּל הַמְּקֹמוֹת" (דברים יב, ב).
To slay the inhabitants of an apostate city and burn the city, as [Deuteronomy 13:17] states: "And you shall burn the city and all its spoil with fire."
קפולַהֲרֹג אַנְשֵׁי עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת וְלִשְׂרֹף אֶת הָעִיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְשָׂרַפְתָּ בָאֵשׁ אֶת . . . כָּל שְׁלָלָהּ" (דברים יג, יז).
To destroy the seven nations [that dwelled in] Eretz Yisrael, as [Deuteronomy 20:17] states: "You shall utterly destroy them."
קפזלְאַבֵּד שִׁבְעָה עֲמָמִים מֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם" (דברים כ, יז).
To exterminate the seed of Amalek, as [Deuteronomy 25:19] states: "Blot out the memory of Amalek."
קפחלְהַכְרִית זַרְעוֹ שֶׁל עֲמָלֵק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "תִּמְחֶה אֶת זֶכֶר עֲמָלֵק" (דברים כה, יט).
To constantly remember what Amalek did to us, as [Deuteronomy 25:17] states: "Remember what Amalek did to you."
קפטלִזְכֹּר מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה לָנוּ עֲמָלֵק תָּדִיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "זָכוֹר אֵת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְךָ עֲמָלֵק" (דברים כה, יז).
To wage a voluntary war according to the laws prescribed by the Torah, as [Deuteronomy 20:10] states: "When you approach the city...."
קצלַעֲשׂוֹת בְּמִלְחֶמֶת הָרְשׁוּת כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הַכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תִקְרַב אֶל עִיר" (דברים כ, י).
To anoint a priest [who will address the people before] battle, as [Deuteronomy 20:2] states: "And it shall come to pass, when you approach the battle, the priest will come forward and speak to the people...."
קצאלִמְשֹׁחַ כֹּהֵן לְמִלְחָמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהָיָה כְּקָרָבְכֶם אֶל הַמִּלְחָמָה; וְנִגַּשׁ הַכֹּהֵן" (דברים כ, ב).
To prepare a place [outside] the [army] camp [for use as a latrine], as [Deuteronomy 23:13] states: "Prepare a place for yourselves outside the camp."
קצבלְהַתְקִין יָד בַּמַּחֲנֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְיָד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה" (דברים כג, יג).
To prepare a shovel [to cover one's excrement], as [Deuteronomy 23:14] states: "You shall have a shovel in addition to your weapons."
קצגלְהַתְקִין יָתֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְיָתֵד תִּהְיֶה לְךָ עַל אֲזֵנֶךָ" (דברים כג, יד).
To return a stolen object, as [Leviticus 5:23] states: "And he shall return the object which he stole."
קצדלְהָשִׁיב אֶת הַגֶּזֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת הַגְּזֵלָה אֲשֶׁר גָּזָל" (ויקרא ה, כג).
To give charity, as [Deuteronomy 15:8] states: "You shall surely open your hand [to your poor brother]."
קצהלִתֵּן צְדָקָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "פָּתֹחַ תִּפְתַּח אֶת יָדְךָ" (דברים טו, ח; דברים טו, יא).
To give a severance gift to a Hebrew servant, as [Deuteronomy 15:14] states: "You shall surely give him gifts...." Similarly, [this gift is given] to a Hebrew maidservant.
קצולְהַעֲנִיק לְעֶבֶד עִבְרִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הַעֲנֵק תַּעֲנִיק לוֹ" (דברים טו, יד); וְכֵן אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה.
To lend to the poor, as [Exodus 22:24] states: "If you will lend money to my people...." In this instance, the word "if" does not refer to a matter left to one's volition, but to a commandment, as [Deuteronomy 15:8] states: "You shall surely lend him."
קצזלְהַלְווֹת לְעָנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִם כֶּסֶף תַּלְוֶה אֶת עַמִּי" (שמות כב, כד); "אִם" זֶה אֵינוֹ רְשׁוּת אֶלָּא מִצְוָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהַעֲבֵט תַּעֲבִיטֶנּוּ" (דברים טו, ח).
To lend to a gentile at interest, as [Deuteronomy 23:21] states: "Take interest from a gentile." Based on the oral tradition, we have learned that this is a positive commandment.b
קצחלְהַלְווֹת לְנָכְרִי (נ"א לעובד כוכבים) בְּרִבִּית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לַנָּכְרִי תַשִּׁיךְ" (דברים כג, כא); מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁזּוֹ מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה.
To return security to its owner, as [Deuteronomy 24:13] states: "You shall surely return the security to him."
קצטלְהָשִׁיב הַמַּשְׁכּוֹן לִבְעָלָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הָשֵׁב תָּשִׁיב לוֹ אֶת הָעֲבוֹט" (דברים כד, יג).
To pay a worker his wage on time, as [Deuteronomy 24:15] states: "Pay him his wage on the day it is due."
רלִתֵּן שְׂכַר שָׂכִיר בִּזְמַנּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בְּיוֹמוֹ תִתֵּן שְׂכָרוֹ" (דברים כד, טו).
For a hired worker to be allowed to eat [from produce] while he is working with it, as [Deuteronomy 23:25-26] states: "When you enter your neighbor's vineyard... When you enter your neighbor's standing grain...."
ראלִהְיוֹת הַשָּׂכִיר אוֹכֵל בִּזְמַן שְׂכִירוּתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תָבֹא בְּכֶרֶם רֵעֶךָ" (דברים כג,כה), "כִּי תָבֹא בְּקָמַת רֵעֶךָ" (דברים כג, כו).
To assist a colleague in unloading a burden which he or his beast [is carrying], as [Exodus 23:5] states: "You shall surely help him."b
רבלַעֲזֹב מֵעַל חֲבֵרוֹ אוֹ מֵעַל בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "עָזוֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ" (שמות כג, ה).
To [help a colleague] load a burden unto a beast, as [Deuteronomy 22:4] states: " You shall lift it up with him."
רגלְהָקִים הַמַּשָּׂא עַל הַבְּהֵמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הָקֵם תָּקִים עִמּוֹ" (דברים כב, ד).
To return a lost object, as [Deuteronomy 22:1] states: "You shall surely return them to your brother."
רדלְהָשִׁיב הָאֲבֵדָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הָשֵׁב תְּשִׁיבֵם לְאָחִיךָ" (דברים כב, א).
To rebuke a person who sins, as [Leviticus 19:17] states: "You shall surely rebuke your fellow men."
רהלְהוֹכִיחַ הַחוֹטֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "הוֹכֵחַ תּוֹכִיחַ אֶת עֲמִיתֶךָ" (ויקרא יט, יז).
To love every member of our people, as [Leviticus 19:18] states: "And you shall love your neighbor as yourself."
רולֶאֱהֹב כָּל בְּנֵי אָדָם מִבְּנֵי בְרִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ" (ויקרא יט, יח).
To love a convert, as [Deuteronomy 10:19] states: "And you shall love a convert."
רזלֶאֱהֹב אֶת הַגֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַאֲהַבְתֶּם אֶת הַגֵּר" (דברים י, יט).
To balance scales with correct weights, as [Leviticus 19:36] states: "You shall have correct scales, with correct weights."
רחלְצַדֵּק מֹאזְנַיִם עִם הַמִּשְׁקָלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מֹאזְנֵי צֶדֶק אַבְנֵי צֶדֶק" (ויקרא יט, לו).
To honor the Sages, as [Leviticus 19:32] states: "Rise before an elder."
רטלְכַבֵּד הַחֲכָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מִפְּנֵי שֵׂיבָה תָּקוּם" (ויקרא יט, לב).
To honor one's father and mother, as [Exodus 20:12] states: "Honor your father and mother."
רילְכַבֵּד אָב וָאֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כַּבֵּד אֶת אָבִיךָ וְאֶת אִמֶּךָ" (שמות כ,יא; דברים ה, טו).
To fear one's father and mother, as [Leviticus 19:3] states: "A person must fear his mother and his father."
ריאלְיִרְאָה מֵאָב וָאֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִישׁ אִמּוֹ וְאָבִיו תִּירָאוּ" (ויקרא יט, ג).
To be fruitful and multiply, as [Genesis 9:7] states: "Be fruitful and multiply."
ריבלִפְרוֹת וְלִרְבּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ" (בראשית ט, ז).
To have sexual relations [only within] marriage, as [Deuteronomy 24:1] states: "If a man takes a woman [as a wife]...."
ריגלִבְעֹל בְּקִדּוּשִׁין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יִקַּח אִישׁ אִשָּׁה; וּבָא אֵלֶיהָ" (דברים כב, יג; וראה דברים כד, א).
For a groom to rejoice together with his wife for a year, as [Deuteronomy 24:5] states: "He shall be free for his home for one year."
רידלְשַׂמֵּחַ חָתָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ שָׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "נָקִי יִהְיֶה לְבֵיתוֹ שָׁנָה אֶחָת . . ." (דברים כד, ה).
To circumcise a son, as [Leviticus 12:3] states: "On the eighth day, the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised."1
רטולָמוּל אֶת הַבֵּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִמּוֹל בְּשַׂר עָרְלָתוֹ" (ויקרא יב, ג).
To marry the widow of one's brother who died childless, as [Deuteronomy 25:5] states: "Her yavam shall come unto her."
רטזלְיַבֵּם אֵשֶׁת אָח, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "יְבָמָהּ יָבוֹא עָלֶיהָ" (דברים כה, ה).
To remove the yavam's shoe [if he does not marry his brother's widow], as [Deuteronomy 25:9] states: "And she shall remove his shoe from his foot."
ריזלַחְלֹץ לְיָבָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְחָלְצָה נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ" (דברים כה, ט).
For a rapist to marry the woman he raped, as [Deuteronomy 22:29] states: "She shall become his wife."
ריחלִשָּׂא אוֹנֵס אֶת אֲנוּסָתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְלוֹ תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה" (דברים כב, כט).
For a person who made defamatory remarks about his wife to remain married to her for his entire life, as [Deuteronomy 22:19] states: "She shall become his wife. He may not send her away for his entire life."
ריטלֵישֵׁב מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע עִם אִשְׁתּוֹ כָּל יָמָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְלוֹ תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה" (דברים כב, יט).
To carry out the judgment concerning a seducer, fining him fifty shekels and carrying out the other laws regarding this matter, as [Exodus 22:15] states: "If a person will seduce...."
רכלָדוּן בַּמְּפַתֶּה בַּחֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁקֶל עִם שְׁאָר דִּינִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִי יְפַתֶּה אִישׁ" (שמות כב, טו).
To carry out the procedure [the Torah] prescribes for a yefat to'ar, as [Deuteronomy 21:11] states: "And if you see a beautiful woman among the captives...."
רכאלַעֲשׂוֹת לִיפַת תֹּאַר כַּכָּתוּב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְרָאִיתָ בַּשִּׁבְיָה אֵשֶׁת יְפַת תֹּאַר" (דברים כא, יא).
To divorce with a get, as [Deuteronomy 24:1] states: "And he shall write a bill of divorce for her and place it in her hand."
רכבלְגָרֵשׁ בִּשְׁטָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכָתַב לָהּ סֵפֶר כְּרִיתֻת וְנָתַן בְּיָדָהּ" (דברים כד, א; דברים כד, ג).
To carry out the [procedure] prescribed for a sotah, as [Numbers 5:30] states: "And the priests will carry out all these laws for her."
רכגלַעֲשׂוֹת לְסוֹטָה כַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְעָשָׂה לָהּ הַכֹּהֵן אֵת כָּל הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת" (במדבר ה, ל).
To whip the wicked, as [Deuteronomy 25:2] states: "The judge will cast him down and beat him."
רכדלְהַלְקוֹת הָרְשָׁעִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהִפִּילוֹ הַשּׁוֹפֵט וְהִכָּהוּ" (דברים כה, ב).
To exile a person who accidentally kills a person, as [Numbers 35:25] states: "And he shall dwell there until the High Priest dies...."
רכהלְהַגְלוֹת רוֹצֵחַ בִּשְׁגָגָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְיָשַׁב בָּהּ עַד מוֹת הַכֹּהֵן" (במדבר לה, כה).
For a court to execute by decapitation, as [Exodus 21:20] states: "Revenge shall surely be taken."
רכולִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין הוֹרְגִין בַּסַּיִף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "נָקוֹם יִנָּקֵם" (שמות כא, כ).
For a court to execute by strangulation, as [Leviticus 20:10] states: "The adulterer and the adulteress shall die."
רכזלִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין הוֹרְגִין בְּחֶנֶק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מוֹת יוּמַת הַנּוֹאֵף וְהַנֹּאָפֶת" (ויקרא כ, י).
For a court to execute by burning [the condemned] with fire, as [Leviticus 20:14] states: "They shall burn him and them with fire."
רכחלִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין שׂוֹרְפִין בָּאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בָּאֵשׁ יִשְׂרְפוּ אוֹתוֹ וְאֶתְהֶן" (ויקרא כ, יד).
For a court to execute by stoning [the condemned] with stones, as [Deuteronomy 22:24] states: "And you shall stone them."
רכטלִהְיוֹת בֵּית דִּין סוֹקְלִין בָּאֲבָנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּסְקַלְתֶּם אוֹתָם" (דברים כב, כד).
To hang [the corpses] of those liable for hanging, as [Deuteronomy 21:22] states: "And you shall hang them on a gallows."
רללִתְלוֹת מִי שֶׁנִּתְחַיֵּב תְּלִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְתָלִיתָ אוֹתוֹ עַל עֵץ" (דברים כא, כב).
To bury [the body of] an executed person on the day of his execution, as [Deuteronomy 21:22] states: "For you shall surely bury him on that day."
רלאלִקְבֹּר הַנֶּהֱרָג בְּיוֹמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי קָבוֹר תִּקְבְּרֶנּוּ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא" (דברים כא, כג).
To carry out the laws concerning a Hebrew servant, as [Exodus 21:2] states: "When you purchase a Hebrew servant...."
רלבלָדוּן בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי כְּהִלְכוֹתָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תִקְנֶה עֶבֶד עִבְרִי" (שמות כא, ב).
To marry a Hebrew maidservant, as [Exodus 21:8] states: "Who has designated her for himself... and she will be redeemed."
רלגלְיַעֵד אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֲשֶׁר לוֹ יְעָדָהּ" (שמות כא, ח), "וְאִם לִבְנוֹ יִיעָדֶנָּה" (שמות כא, ט).
To redeem a Hebrew maidservant, as [Exodus, ibid.] states: "And she will be redeemed."
רלדלִפְדּוֹת אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהֶפְדָּהּ" (שמות כא, ח).
To have a Canaanite servant serve forever, as [Leviticus 25:46] states: "You shall have them serve you forever."
רלהלַעֲבֹד בְּעֶבֶד כְּנַעֲנִי לְעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לְעוֹלָם בָּהֶם תַּעֲבֹדוּ" (ויקרא כה, מו).
For a person who injures [a colleague] to pay him damages, as [Exodus 21:18] states: "If men will quarrel and one man will strike [his colleague]...."
רלולִהְיוֹת הַחוֹבֵל מְשַׁלֵּם מָמוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יְרִיבוּן אֲנָשִׁים וְהִכָּה אִישׁ" (שמות כא, יח).
To judge regarding the damages caused by an ox, as [Exodus 21:35] states: "If an ox belonging to one person gores an ox belonging to a colleague...."
רלזלָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי בְּהֵמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יִגֹּף שׁוֹר אִישׁ אֶת שׁוֹר רֵעֵהוּ" (שמות כא, לה).
To judge regarding the damages caused by a pit, as [Exodus 21:33] states: If a person will open a pit...."
רלחלָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי הַבּוֹר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִי יִפְתַּח אִישׁ בּוֹר" (שמות כא, לג).
To judge a thief, obligating him for payment or execution, as [Exodus 21:37] states: "Should a theft be perpetrated," as [Exodus 22:1] states: "If when breaking in," and, as [Exodus 21:16] states: "If one kidnaps a person and sells him,…. "2
רלטלָדוּן לְגַנָּב בְּתַשְׁלוּמִין אוֹ בְּמִיתָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יִגְנֹב" (ראה שמות כא, לז), "אִם בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת" (שמות כב, א), "וְגוֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ" (שמות כא, טז).
To judge regarding the damages caused by grazing, as [Exodus 22:4] states: "If a person will graze [his animals] in a field or vineyard...."
רמלָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי הֶבְעֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יַבְעֶר אִישׁ שָׂדֶה אוֹ כֶרֶם" (שמות כב, ד).
To judge regarding the damages caused by fire, as [Exodus 22:5] states: "If fire will break out and catch in thorns...."
רמאלָדוּן בְּנִזְקֵי הָאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תֵצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָצְאָה קֹצִים" (שמות כב, ה).
To render judgment [in questions] regarding an unpaid watchman, as [Exodus 22:6] states: "If a person will give a colleague money or utensils [to watch]...."
רמבלָדוּן בְּדִין שׁוֹמֵר חִנָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ כֶּסֶף אוֹ כֵלִים" (שמות כב, ו).
To render judgment [in questions] regarding a paid watchman, as [Exodus 22:9] states: "Should a person give a donkey or an ox...."
רמגלָדוּן בְּדִין נוֹשֵׂא שָׂכָר וְשׂוֹכֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ חֲמוֹר אוֹ שׁוֹר" (שמות כב, ט).
To render judgment [in questions] regarding a borrower, as [Exodus 22:13] states: "If a person will borrow from a colleague...."
רמדלָדוּן בְּדִין הַשּׁוֹאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי יִשְׁאַל אִישׁ מֵעִם רֵעֵהוּ" (שמות כב, יג).
To render judgment [in questions] regarding business transactions, as [Leviticus 22:14] states: "If you sell merchandise to your colleague...."
רמהלָדוּן בְּדִין מֶקָּח וּמִמְכָּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכִי תִמְכְּרוּ מִמְכָּר לַעֲמִיתֶךָ" (ויקרא כה, יד).
To render judgment [in questions] regarding claims made by one person against another, as [Exodus 22:8] states: "For every matter of trespass, concerning an ox, concerning a donkey, or concerning a sheep...."
רמולָדוּן בְּדִין טוֹעֵן וְכוֹפֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "עַל כָּל דְּבַר פֶּשַׁע" (שמות כב, ח).
To save a person who is being pursued even if it is necessary to kill the pursuer, as [Deuteronomy 25:12] states: "And you shall cut off her hand...."
רמזלְהַצִּיל הַנִּרְדָּף וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּנֶפֶשׁ הָרוֹדֵף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְקַצֹּתָה אֶת כַּפָּהּ" (דברים כה, יב).
To render judgment [in questions] regarding inheritances as [Numbers 27:8] states: "If a person dies without having a son...."
רמחלָדוּן בְּדִינֵי נְחָלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִישׁ כִּי יָמוּת וּבֵן אֵין לוֹ" (במדבר כז, ח).
The Rambam cites this verse, rather than a verse from Genesis, Chapter 17, which describes the circumcision of Abraham, because he prefers to cite a prooftext that was given after the giving of the Torah. Nevertheless, we also learn some particulars regarding this mitzvah from the passage from Genesis. (See also the Rambam's Commentary on the Mishnah, Chulin 7:6.)
. The Rambam cites these different verses because each involves a different punishment. (See also Negative Mitzvot 243 and 244.)
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