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Chabad.org » The Jewish Woman » Spirituality and the Feminine » Biblical Women » Feminism in Egypt
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Feminism in Egypt


NBC reported that a recent sleep study found women get less sleep than men primarily because of all the burdens they shoulder…the career, the family, the husband. Life is short, and the load of the woman is long. Very long and tiring, and oh, so heavy. The daily struggle within the woman invariably brings up the needs of the feminine voice pleading to stay heard. It seems that the motto of our times is one must be successful to be feminine. But where does one draw the strength to deal with the endless piles and to-dos that life throws one's way? And so many times we're just not in the mood of dealing with it all.

The feminist.

Almost no one will tell you that feminism is something of the ancient Jews Many equate true modernists with feminist lib. Some connect the dots between being a feminist and 'untraditional Judaism' if any. But almost no one will tell you that feminism is something of the ancient Jews.

No one and nothing that is, except for the Torah. Much is said about Moses, one of the greatest leaders of Jewish history, but what of the women in his life? His sister? His mother? The Torah tells some mind-stopping feminine-led stories of the Jews in Egypt.

King Pharaoh had much insecurity with the Jewish nation living in Egypt. They were rapidly growing and multiplying by the half-a dozen. And theirs was uncomfortably different than the Egyptian culture. But to top it all off, Pharaoh's stargazers prophesied that a little star was to rise from amongst the Jewish nation. A little boy would steal the king's crown and glory.

And believe me when I tell you that Pharaoh reacted with the most unconventional, unheard of plan. He didn't call the Jewish male leaders. Pharaoh, the vulgar insensitive man he was, still recognized the power of the Jewish woman. And so he called upon two simple midwives, Jochebed and Miriam to command them to stop delivering Jewish baby boys. They took up position in the battle of the evil of Egypt, and refused to cave in to the pressure. Putting their lives on the line, Jochebed and Miriam continued to deliver the children displaying incredible inner strength. Ironically Jochebed was the mother and Miriam, the sister of Moses. These were strong women.

And what happened when all the Jewish men convened to agree on a plan of action to deal with Pharaoh's horrific decree of throwing little Jewish boys into the Nile river? It was nothing more than a mere girl at the age of five whose courage was invincible. Little Miriam. Miriam interrupted this "guys only" meeting to tell her father, Amram, her thoughts. The men's plan was for all couples to physically separate so that no more children would be born to this pitiful nation at this despairing time. Miriam insisted that a couple's separation would put an end to the entire future of the Jewish nation. The Jewish couple must continue to conceive. Period. And besides, how would the little Jewish savior be born if all Jews had stopped living the married life? From the mouths of the babes no less… Miriam's parents merited to birth Moses.

They had little mirrors tucked away and on-hand And the Jewish feminine power continued to blossom even under the most horrible and enslaved conditions the Jews were experiencing. It is explained that the Egyptians tormented the men by giving them typical womanly jobs; and tortured the women with manly work. Even though the women and men were all downtrodden, depressed, tired, and bitter, it wasn't the switching of roles that stifled the womanly voice. In fact, commentaries learn that the women could be found - while working in the apple orchards under strict surveillance - sneaking away to beautify their femininity and outer appearance. They had little mirrors tucked away and on-hand. Do you wonder what was wrong with these people? Their lives were miserable, they were slaves and all they could think about was their superficial appearance?

Aha, the story takes on a deeper significance. These little mirrors were later used to build the kiyor, the wash basin, which was placed in the center of the Holy Temple. The kiyor symbolized a ritually powerful tool by which those serving G‑d could clean themselves in order to be permitted to work in the Temple.

But what is it that made these tools of vanity so memorable and holy? It was nothing short of the feminine blood. The Jewish Women of ancient Egypt understood the depression that had taken root with their husband's and their families too. But, being true feminists, they decided to fight it and conquer. And they did.

They beautified their appearance and then went out to the fields to greet their husbands. This act of love ensured that marital life would continue, to the point that the Torah literally gives the credit of the births of all the Jewish children born in Egypt to these women!

But the power of Jewish femininity doesn't end there.

With Moses at the lead, they had but one desire. Get out. Picture, if you will, the victory march of the escaping Jews as they wound their valiant way out of the land of Egypt. They were finally being set free. With Moses at the lead, they had but one desire. Get out. Freedom was nearly theirs. Yet in the midst of all the frantic commotion could be heard dingles and dangles of the sort of noise from the street boy outside the local train station. It was the musical choir of the most feminine Lib Leader of all times. Miriam. Sister to Moses. She composed and led the song "Az Yashir" praising G‑d, and was joined by the voices of all the women and girls singing and dancing with tambourines, while the men did similar in their own groups. She believed that the woman's voice must be heard. It was too vital to be stayed.

So, I ask you, does Judaism support feminism? The voice of a Jewish woman is the precious, modest voice of power. Take it from our feminine sister, Miriam. The key is to keep all of life in sync with one same goal. Our Jewish nation.

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By Shevy Lowenstein   More articles...  |   RSS Listing of Newest Articles by this Author
Shevy Lowenstein is co-director with her husband of The Jewish Center Of Northern Liberties.

The content on this page is copyrighted by the author, publisher and/or Chabad.org, and is produced by Chabad.org. If you enjoyed this article, we encourage you to distribute it further, provided that you comply with the copyright policy.
 

22 Comments Posted  |  Post A Comment
Reader Comments
Latest Comments:
Posted: May 23, 2011
To Arden & Jewish Feminist
You both appear to be very anti-feminine, you seem to think that being masculine is superior to being feminine. That I, as a woman, only will achieve validity as a human being if I idolise and make superior in my being masculine traits!!

In Jewish mysticism, we attribute the masculine and feminine input into our world using the analogy of gestation. The masculine/feminine half idea (sperm) will only find viability if it combines with a feminine idea (egg), in a feminine environment (womb), and then gestates and grows in that feminine environment. If anything, when you look deeply into Judaism it appears matriarchal!

I fear you pair are drawing your conclusions from reading an English (likely Christian) version of the bible. You are sorely missing out on the reality! May I suggest you google Sara Yehudit Schneider, who can explain Jewish Feminism properly, via the original Hebrew. She also has an article or two on this website, I think.
Posted By Rivkah, Perth, WA

Posted: Apr 19, 2009
Feminism and Judaism
I think that people who argue that Judaism "isn't feminist" are busy picking and choosing which topics to focus on...

Let's take Jewish identity as an example. Torah law stipulates that a child is only Jewish if his/her mother is. The father's identity is almost irrelevant.

I can only imagine what people would be saying if the law was reversed -- that Judaism is degrading to women, they don’t count, etc.

Why do "feminists" conveniently overlook this most fundamental issue??
Posted By Melanie, Montgomery, Alabama

Posted: Apr 19, 2009
To Arden
I'm sorry, but you should really really brush up on Jewish law before you spew out statements that are highly misleading.

The law that states that a father receives the restitution that is due to a girl for seuction, rape, or any type of damage for that matter, is limited to a minor, until the girl reaches the age of twelve and a half.

After that point, once the girl is considered an adult, all monies go to the girl herself. Not to the father, and not to the husband either.
Posted By Anonymous

Posted: Apr 19, 2009
Re: The author's response to my comment
Ms. Lowenstein,

You write that "It is highly unconventional for a national leader to speak directly to two midwives to implement an important national demographic strategy."

Now, that WOULD be true if it was a plan that was supposed to be public knowledge -- but it is clear (and Nachmanides says this explicitly) that originally Pharaoh wanted his plan to remain a secret, thus his highly classified order only to the people who would be present at the birth.

And indeed, when he saw that this plan failed, he issued a decree to all Egyptians to kill the Jewish boys.

As such, I still maintain that you are reading way too much into the fact that he asked the women to kill the boys.

And, you explain that both the boys and girls were "put to death" -- but the girls' death was spiritual.

Why didn't Pharaoh do the same with the boys -- force them to live in an Egyptian lifestyle. was it because he feared that the boys would be more committed and would offer more resistance?
Posted By Tracy, South Hampton, NY
via mychabad.org

Posted: Apr 19, 2009
Menstrual Impurity
Hi,

A friend just sent me a link to this article, telling me to check out the provocative reader comments that were posted.

Boy, boy.... this is a perfect example of the idiom: "A little knowledge is very dangerous..."

While lots of misinformation has been bandied about in this forum, I'd like to focus on one glaring one:

Yes, the Torah tells us that a menstruating woman is "impure." And, as Rachael points out, in the Torah, almost all forms of impurity are associated with the loss of life, or the loss of potential life.

What I don’t understand is why this is an issue of sexism -- the same Torah that says that the menstruating women is impure, also says (Leviticus 15:16) that a man that experiences a seminal discharge is impure! (Because that too is considered a loss of potential life.)

P.S. See www.chabad.org/510244 for an explanation as to why the period of impurity is longer after the birth of a girl than a boy.
Posted By David, Yonkers, NY

Posted: Apr 18, 2009
To Rachael Levy of Boston
If women are considered "impure" for menstruating, becouse of a potential life that didnt happen - then why are men not considered impure for every time their seed doesnt reach its goal to make his wife pregnant? That is also a potential life lost - but on his side. Isnt it all really a double standard when it takes an egg as well as a seed to concieve life (male and female together) and it isnt always the egg that is at fault so why should it only be the women that have to do all the work to purify themselves at the mikvah in this way and not the men? Of course then that would probably mean that a man could end up being viewed as being far more "impure" than a woman - considering all his hundreds of seeds with every attempt compared to just the one or few eggs of a woman.
Posted By Jewish Feminist

Posted: Apr 12, 2009
Response to Jewish Feminist
In Hebrew, Tameh, loosely translated as "impure," is from the root "timtum" meaning to be restricted, which is EXACTLY what happens when a woman menstruates from a physical, emotional and spiritual point of view. Menstruation means that potential life didn't happen. It represents the death of possible life that wasn't conceived. And death is impure. Judaism is so sensitive that we mourn when potential doesn't come to fruition. If one takes the time to really learn, I think anyone will find that Torah offers the most liberating and truly refreshing way to live and be a woman in the fullest sense. Not to say there are no rabbis that are degrading to women, but certainly not the ones that I am connected to or the other women on this site I imagine. And I can't think of anyone who respected women more than the Lubavitcher Rebbe. This site is filled with his incredible teachings. I hope you spend some time learning them! If you do I think you will see the beauty of women in Judaism.
Posted By Rachael Levy, Boston, MA

Posted: Apr 12, 2009
To the so-called True Jewish Feminist
Close your eyes and believe what you want but as far as Torah goes - there is enough male dominated idea's to put women down as second class citizens. Of course you can always take as many different views as you want to make yourself feel better about it all but its written down in black & white and weather you use the word "IMPURE" or "UNCLEAN" to describe a menstruating women it makes no difference as the negative connotation is there which ever way you try to look at it. A really true feminist was the late Israeli president Golda Meir, but she would never have gotten to be where she was if she had been raised with extreme religious views that are practiced by the extremist orthodox today and Isreal would probably not have existed if it wasnt for her. The assults on women from the Heredi orthodox are not just bullying but are stemming from the leaders of the Heredi community which outrightly degrade women and preach abusive views. They should be treated like criminals.
Posted By Jewish Feminist

Posted: Apr 12, 2009
To Jewish Feminist and Arden
It is so sad to read your comments and see every stereotype while you write as if these are facts and a true representation of Judaism and women. Yes, terrible things have happened and women have been mistreated by men dressed as Orthodox. Does that mean that Torah allows for that? If there is a corrupt policeman, does it mean that the police force is corrupt and the law is wrong? So yes, Arden, there are extremely unfortunate incidents where women are mistreated. By no means does that represent the Torah view of women. And Jewish Feminist, where to begin? A woman must agree to a divorce. The same way a man must. If she doesn't he also cannot remarry or receive his divorce. And menstruation is a state of "impurity" NOT being unclean. I guess if you rely on English translations, you will always be left with the wrong impression. An intelligent and curious person will dedicate herself to learning the true understanding. Others will simply post stereotypes and perpetuate hate. How sad!
Posted By True Jewish Feminist, Miami, FL

Posted: Apr 7, 2009
"the key is to keep all life in sync"
I think a useful method of interpretation is to realize that it is often not a seamless interpretation of biblical history that can be easily accessed by asserting that "Feminist Theory' can successfully be applied anachronistically .... What one needs here? A divining fork. A measure of what a woman's intention is. If she has spiritual intention; than is it possible that the material substance of a mirror becomes the base of a 'mosaic-like' washing basin ... how was Ruth's contribution 'feminist'? how was it not?

Intentionally speaking, many modern day non-Jewish women have used some of these ancient strategies to raise consciousness about the status & welfare of women throughout the world: one of the great examples of our time: Princess Diana (? was it all vanity that she walked about mine fields; visited lepers in hospital, aided her celebrity status (& $$$) to childrens charities worldwide? Can an alternative point of view reach beyond either/or status & into the "I AM" ..
Posted By Mary Melissa M., Canada



 


Biblical Women
Midwives
A Transformed Identity
Comfort Zone
Growing Up With My Daughter: Becoming a Bat Mitzvah
Miriam’s Drum
Miriam: Tambourines of Rebellion
The Quill of the Soul
Feminism in Egypt
Yehudit
Chana and Penina
The Son She Gave Away
The Woman Who Corrected the High Priest
Chana's Prayer
Women in the Synagogue
The Book of Ruth
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