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Are Jews a "Race"?

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While the Jewish people began with the descendents of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, many people have converted to become Jews over the millennia--beginning with the "mixed multitude" that came with us out of Egypt. Today there are African Jews, Japanese Jews, even Eskimo Jews. It seems difficult to call such a mixture a "race".

(Incidently, there is really no such thing as a "race." The term "race" implies to most people that there are different categories of human beings based on their genetic makeup. The fact is that there is no basis in genetics for these distinctions. For example, an African from one family may have more in common genetically with a Swede than with another African.)

What could be said is that we are a "family". A family can adopt others as their own. But there are conditions to adoption. You need to keep the family rules. In our case, those rules have to do with the mission we were given at Mount Sinai over 3300 years ago.

By Tzvi Freeman
Rabbi Tzvi Freeman, a senior editor at Chabad.org, also heads our Ask The Rabbi team. He is the author of Bringing Heaven Down to Earth. To subscribe to regular updates of Rabbi Freeman's writing, visit Freeman Files subscription.
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Discussion (66)
November 1, 2012
Jewish genetics
Nathaniel I don't see how you can qualify a certain nose as being proof of being Jewish. I sure you will find your nose is due to a mixed racial factory friend . I think it'll be hard to find the original phenotype.
Anonymous
Syracuse, Ny
September 21, 2012
Karen Joyce Chaya Fradle Kleinman Bell
Arab peoples are "semites," if we are in favor of tagging groups with names.
Steven Silz-Carson
Colorado Springs, CO
September 19, 2012
I have a question about this issue.
When people are against Jews, why are they called "Anti-semitic", since the term, itself, designates the Semetic race. It also includes Arabs, does it not?
Karen Joyce Chaya Fradle Kleinman Bell
Riverside, CA, USA
December 11, 2011
Race
Thanks for the pertinent article. I wish you would publish something on the same scientific argument of defining race in alot more publicaions. In America the classification of race is loosly defined as the color of skin or dramatic differences in appearance for the sole sake of maintaining non-discriminatory social policy and measuring the effects of. This is good and this was very successful in the Universiy and Educational system for integrating segregated communities into one common ground as a people of one free nation. People of all races and religions can be treated equally and fairly in public society with all protections under the law, and protected from a mob rule, or majority dictatorship. In such a place minorities are not protected under the social structure in public, or private areas of society.
Rachel
Los ANgeles, CA
chabadlosfeliz.org
November 10, 2011
See Philo on Nobility
Philo says some intersting things on this matter: including that the gentiles considered genes and genetics in high regards. For example, the Pharaohs, Persian kings and many others practiced incest to keep the blood line pure. They rejected and detested foreign blood and even had "nazi" like detestation and patriotism in regards to race. Philo points out that Jews had no problem with racial intermarriages. The Jewish concern was more on whether the gentile was a convert or not. If the person was not a convert and remained a cultural pagan, that was the sin issue. Thus people such as Zipporah, Ruth, Jethro and his descendants, Rahab, and many others, such as the wives of the kings of Israel and Judah, or male converts, had no conflict with Jewish law, and where seen and treated as jews. (Converts, I think, could not be eligible to be kings or high priests, according to Jewish law).
john
trenton, ont.
November 8, 2011
Human Race!
Finally, Karen, et al., someone here actually gets it. Wonderful!
Steven Silz Carson
Colorado Springs, CO
November 1, 2011
Steven, in that case, there is no race but
the human race.
Karen Joyce Chaya Fradle Kleinman Bell
Riverside, CA, USA
October 28, 2011
Race? Diapers or Depends?
That's pretty much the bottom line: It all depends upon one's definition of race.
Many Jews do have some common genetic alleles, yet the vast, vast amount of the relevant human 3 billion base-pair genome is nearly identical.
EX: You can not successfully transplant an organ from one species to another, but has been accomplished among any of the so-called races. Tissues are matched for blood type and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type, not external characteristics like noses or skin color, or if donor and recipient has similar religious beliefs. To do so would be murder.
Re: the notion of "Jewish blood," say a matrilineal Jew undergoes a bone-marrow transplant from Muslim Arab donor. When the donor's marrow replaces all the patient's blood several months later, by the "Jewish blood" definition, the recipient has been biologically expelled from Judaism!
Biologically ALL modern humans are H. sapiens, sapiens. The 2nd sapiens denotes subspecies, thus Jews are not a true race.
Steven Silz Carson
Colorado Springs, CO
October 17, 2011
Re:Are the jews a race? Are they a religion?
It is true that one cannot become a Jew by simply joining a synagogue or learning Hebrew. However, while it may be hard, one can indeed convert and become a full fledged Jew. In fact, the reason it is not so easy to become Jewish is precisely because of its unique definition as a "family."

For more on this see Why Is Conversion to Judaism So Hard?
Yehuda Shurpin for Chabad.org
October 16, 2011
Are the jews a race? Are they a religion?
The jews are, in fact, a race. Its a very common misconception but here's my arguement. Anyone can convert to Catholicism. Anyone can choose what to believe in. You however CANNOT correctly convert to Judaism. You can become a member of the temple, believe in what the jews believe in and learn hebrew but you can't become a jew. One has to be born with jewish blood, of jewish descent, to be a jew and there are certain features (like the steriotypical nose) but people just count them as white. They have different genes and thats what seperates races. Arabs and jews are both races AS WELL as religions. The encompasing term is 'semite' but people usually count them as white;Just as eskimo refers to Inuits and Yupiks. Is this not a very valid and sensable arguement?
Nathaniel Ross
El Paso, Texas
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